Table 6.

Empirical use of identified measures of sustainability as an outcome and measures of determinants of sustainability

Measures of  sustainability as an outcome
Measure (year of initial publication)	Number of studies	Country	Settings	Perspectives	Constructs other than sustainability	Adaptations made
Provider Report of Sustainment Scale (PRESS) (2021) [32]	0
Stages of implementation completion (SIC) (2006) [33]	27	Australia Canada Denmark Mozambique Switzerland USA	Clinics Community Department of Veterans Affairs sites Juvenile justice Housing providers Primary care Public service systems Substance use disorder treatment agencies	Administrators/executives Champions Purveyor Providers Research staff	Implementation process/phases	N=14 Removed items Additional items Changed wording New domain Change response scale
Measures of sustainability determinants
Assessment of Barriers to Implementation and Sustainability in Schools (ABISS) (2016) [36]	0
Advanced Level Tier Interventions Treatment Utilization and Durability (ALTITUDE) (2021) [37]	0
A measurement instrument for sustainability of work practices in in long-term care (2011)a [38]	6	Netherlands USA	Community Hospital Long term care organisations	Executives Frontline staff	None	N = 6 Removed items Additional items Changed wording Deleted domains Changed response scale
Change Process Capability Questionnaire (CPCQ) (2008) [39]	34	Europe Japan Spain USA Vietnam	College Community Outpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment Clinics Primary care Dental clinics/practices Radiology health care organizations	Executives Frontline staff	Capacity to change Change process Implementation Organizational capacity Readiness to change Readiness to manage change Quality improvement Adoption of new interventions	N = 19 Removed items Additional items Changed wording Deleted domains Other
Clinical Sustainability Assessment Tool (CSAT) (2021) [40]	5	Europe USA	Health care Hospital General practice	Executives Frontline staff	None	N = 0
Faith-Based Organization Health Integration Inventory (FBO-HII) (2020) [41]	1	USA	Churches	Frontline staff	None	N = 0
General Organizational Index (GOI) (2009) [42, 43]	9	Netherlands Norway USA	Community mental health Primary care Medical centre	Frontline staff Implementation monitors Research staff Trained raters	Implementation fidelity Operating characteristics of an organization Organizational change Penetration and general integration Quality of clinical care Quality improvement	N = 2 Additional items Changed wording Deleted domains Other
Levels of Institutionalization (Loln) (1993) [44, 45]	14	Australia Belgium Canada Uganda USA	Community Department of Veterans Affairs sites Health facilities Hospitals Public health and sports services department School	Executive Frontline staff	Institutionalisation	N = 7 Removed items Changed wording Deleted domains Changed response scale Other
National Health Service (NHS) Sustainability Model and Guide (2010) [47]	18	Canada South Africa Tanzania UK USA	Department of Veterans Affairs sites Hospital Primary care Patient homes University Medical center	Executive staff Frontline staff Implementation teams	None	N = 2 Deleted domains Changed response scale
The Normalisation Measure Development questionnaire(NoMAD) (2018) [48–53]	29	Albania Australia Brazil Canada Denmark France Germany Kosovo Netherlands Scotland Spain Sweden UK USA Wales	Community health General practice Health care service Hospital Mental health organizations Primary care Rural health services School University	Executive staff Frontline staff	Acceptance Adoption Contextual factors impacting the implementation Implementation process Perceptions of implementation Normalization Maintenance	N = 13 Removed items Additional items Changed wording New domains Deleted domains Changed response scale Other
New South Wales Sustainability Checklist (2009) [55]	1	Australia	School	Stakeholders/partners	None	N = 1 Removed items
Office of Adolescent Health (OAH) Sustainability Assessment (2014) [56]	0
Office of Population Affairs (OPA) Sustainability Assessment Tool (2019) [57]	0
Prevention Program Assessment (2012) [58]	2	USA	Community health clinics Clinical care and practice settings	Frontline staff	Readiness for evidence-based intervention	N = 0
Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT) (2014) [10]	20	Malaysia Philippines Puerto Rico Spain USA	Criminal courthouse/justice settings Fire department Government health departments and non-government or support groups with HIV advocacy Pharmacy Prenatal clinics Primary care Home settings School State and community health settings State agencies and coalitions Supportive housing agencies	Executives Frontline staff Research staff Stakeholders	None	N = 4 Additional items Changed wording Deleted domains Changed response scale
Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT) – adapted for elementary setting (2021) [59]	0
Program Sustainability Index (2004) [60]	12	USA	Child welfare systems Community settings Department of Veterans Affairs sites Medical centers	Executives Frontline staff Stakeholders	None	N = 10 Removed items Additional items Changed wording Deleted domains Changed response scale Other
School-wide Universal Behaviour Sustainability Index- School Teams (SUBSIST) (2010) [61–65]	6	New Zealand USA	School	Executives Frontline staff	None	N = 2 Removed items Additional items Other
Sustainability Formative Self-Assessment Tool (2011) [66]	0
Sustainable Implementation Scale (SIS) (2018) [67]	4	Sweden	Community mental health services Public employment services	Research staff	None	N = 0
Sustained Implementation Support Scale (2018) [67]	1	Australia	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child welfare agencies	Frontline staff	None	N = 0
Sustaining Innovation Through Education (SITE): Extended Behavioural (2020) [69]	0
Sustaining Innovation Through Education (SITE): Short Behavioural ( 2020) [69]	0
Sustainment Leadership Scale (2018) [70]	0
Sustainment Measurement System Scale (SMSS) (2020) [72]	0

^aEmpirical use of the long and short version of this measure were assessed together