Table 1.
Descriptive and frequency statistics for high and low touchscreen media users at 3.5 years. Continuous data is presented as mean (standard deviation). Categorical data is presented as n (%). User groups differed in background TV: high users’ parents reported more background TV.
| Sample | Low users (<15 min/day) | High users (≥15 min/day) | Between-groups comparison | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 46 | 19 | 27 | |
| Touchscreen use (min/day) | 38 (63) | 3 (4) | 62 (73) | p < 0.001 |
| Sex (n Girls) | 23 (50%) | 12 (63%) | 11 (41%) | n.s. (0.134) |
| Mother's Education | ||||
| School leaving or college | 3 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (11%) | n.s. (0.125) |
| University or postgrad | 42 (91%) | 19 (100%) | 23 (85%) | |
| Missing, N/A | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) | |
| Age (days) | 1256 (16) | 1257 (14) | 1256 (18) | n.s. (0.781) |
| Background TV (min/day)∗ | 169 (140) | 112 (147) | 208 (123) | p = 0.022 |
| MSEL Visual Reception t-score | 67 (9) | 64 (9) | 70 (8) | n.s. (0.054) |
| More than one language at home | 21 (46%) | 7 (37%) | 14 (52%) | n.s. (0.259) |
| English as first language at home | 40 (87%) | 17 (89%) | 23 (85%) | n.s. (0.915) |
| Touchscreen use (min/day) at 12 months | 21 (49) | 14 (29) | 26 (59) | n.s. (0.420) |
| Background TV (min/day)∗ at 12 months | 174 (161) | 116 (156) | 214 (154) | p = 0.039 |
| MSEL Standard Score at 12 months | 109 (11) | 109 (12) | 109 (11) | n.s. (0.845) |
| IBQ/ECBQ at 12 months | ||||
| Surgency | 5.1 (0.6) | 5.1 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.7) | n.s. (0.939) |
| Negative Affect | 3.3 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.2) | 3.5 (1.3) | n.s. (0.168) |
| Effortful Control | 4.7 (0.9) | 4.7 (1.0) | 4.7 (0.9) | n.s. (0.859) |
MSEL = Mullen Scales of Early Learning; IBQ = Infant Behaviour Questionnaire; ECBQ = Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire.
∗
Values that exceeded 3 standard deviations from the mean were trimmed (i.e. changed to be one more than the non-trimmed highest value).