Table 3.

Perceived stress scale responses for emotional and physical health at baseline and post program.

Perceived Stress Variable a Question Stem: In the last month,	Baseline Mean (SD†) (n = 40)	Post Program Mean (SD†) (n = 40)	p value
How often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly?	1.55 (0.71)	2.70 (0.88)	<0.001
How often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life?	1.50 (0.93)	1.65 (1.15)	0.53
How often have you felt nervous and ‘stressed’?	2.85 (0.86)	4.18 (0.78)	<0.001
How often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems? R	1.08 (0.69)	1.20 (0.79)	0.68
How often have you felt that things were going your way? R	1.40 (0.71)	1.05 (1.09)	0.08
How often have you found that you could not cope with all the things that you had to do?	1.40 (0.71)	2.73 (1.11)	<0.001
How often have you been able to control irritations in your life? R	1.03 (0.73)	3.83 (0.93)	<0.001
How often have you felt that you were on top of things? R	1.65 (0.74)	1.13 (1.02)	0.002
How often have you been angered because of things that were outside of your control?	1.48 (0.91)	2.35 (0.83)	<0.001
How often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them?	1.60 (0.84)	2.90 (1.20)	<0.001
Summary Perceived Stress Score b	15.53 (4.88)	23.7 (4.70)	<0.001

†SD = Standard Deviation

^a Scale: 0 = Never; 1 = Almost Never; 2 = Sometimes; 3 = Fairly Often; 4 = Very Often

^R Reverse Scored

^b Summary score interpretation: 0–13 considered low stress, 14–26 considered moderate stress, 27–40 considered high stress