Table 2.

Topic modeling for 2020 hospital admissions comparing 10 topics for 2 COVID-19 patient encounter subcohorts: those with unhealthy opioid use and those with no unhealthy opioid use (N=4110). Subcohorts were identified using the Substance Misuse and Referral to Treatment Artificial Intelligence (SMART-AI) digital classifier for opioid misuse [26]. The topic numbers are labels and do not reflect a ranking of topics.

Topic			Concepts
Unhealthy opioid use (n=102)
	1	Cardiopulmonary illnesses and social determinants of health
	2	Opioid misuse comorbidities
	3	Renal and cardiac pathologies, HIV-related terms
	4	Neurological comorbidities with altered mental status
	5	Neurological workups with cardiac disturbances
	6	Critically ill/intensive care unit patients
	7	Risk for overdose with cardiopulmonary and respiratory distress
	8	Chronic opioid misuse with respiratory distress
	9	Opioid overdose patients
	10	Chronic illness and traumatic injury
No unhealthy opioid use (n=4008)
	1	Classic COVID-19 hospitalization with severity
	2	Sepsis-related, less clearly COVID-19 related
	3	COVID-19 orders/procedures, moderate to severe neurological orders
	4	Long-term intensive care unit patients
	5	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
	6	Interventions for acute respiratory failure
	7	Very neurologically focused, less COVID-19 related
	8	Chronic conditions associated with severe COVID-19
	9	Less severe COVID-19 symptoms and measures
	10	Chronic disease highly susceptible to COVID-19