TABLE 5.

Multilevel models testing associations between COVID-19-related stressors and satisfaction with life across the first year-and-a-half of the COVID-19 pandemic

	Outcome: The satisfaction with life scale
	Model 1.1: Job-related stressors only		Model 1.2: Social/relational stressors only		Model 1.3: Financial stressors only		Model 1.4: Illness-related stressors only		Model 1.5: Full model
	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE
Level 2 (person level)
Intercept	22.60***	.28	22.68***	.28	22.67***	.27	22.28***	.29	22.11***	.27
Mean job-related stress	−1.65***	.31	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.53**	.46
Mean social stress	-	-	−2.54***	.31	-	-	-	-	−1.69***	.36
Mean financial stress	-	-	-	-	−2.82***	.30	-	-	−3.43***	.50
Mean illness-related stress	-	-	-	-	-	-	−1.72***	.35	.30	.39
Birth sex (0 = female; 1 = male)	−.87	.56	−1.50**	.55	−.78	.54	−1.24*	.57	−1.00	.53
Age	−.03	.15	.04	.14	−.04	.14	.05	.15	<−.01	.14
Race/ethnicity
White NH (ref.)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Asian NH	−1.48*	.74	−2.10**	.71	−1.54*	.70	−1.60*	.74	−2.09**	.69
Other NH	−1.90**	.73	−2.21**	.71	−1.41*	.70	−1.92**	.74	−1.57*	.68
Hispanic	−1.60	1.01	−1.60	.97	−1.64	.96	− 1.43	1.01	−1.78	.93
Level 1 (month level)
Time	−.09***	.02	−.11***	.02	−.11***	.02	−.03	.02	.01	.02
Job-related stress	−.71***	.16	−	−	−	−	−	−	−.23	.24
Social stress	-	-	−1.58***	.13	-	-	-	-	−1.38***	.15
Financial stress	-	-	-	-	−1.24***	.19	-	-	−.21	.22
Illness-related stress	-	-	-	-	-	-	−.68***	.15	.28	.18
Interactions with time (from separate models)
Job-related stress × time	.03	.04	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Social stress × time	-	-	.41***	.03	-	-	-	-	-	-
Financial stress × time	-	-	-	-	.32***	.04	-	-	-	-
Illness-related stress × time	-	-	-	-	-	-	.24***	.04	-	-

Note: N_surveys = 3,853–3,924, N_persons = 554.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.