Fig 4. Estimated phenotype-fitness landscape.
(A–H) The phenotype-fitness landscape obtained using Gaussian smoothing for eight drugs is presented. The resistance levels were normalized to a maximum value of one (see Materials and methods). (I) Differences in the evolutionary directions between the simulated gradient from the phenotype-fitness landscape (θlandscape) and experimental observation (θv). For comparison, the difference with a random direction (θrandom) sampled from a uniform distribution [0,2π) is also plotted. The data underlying this figure can be found in S1 Data. KM, kanamycin; MMC, mitomycin C; NFLX, norfloxacin; NQO, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide; PLM, phleomycin; SDC, sodium dichromate dihydrate; SS, sodium salicylate; TET, tetracycline.