Figure 2. Results for Continuous 25(OH)D PGS¹ Clinical Outcomes for Individual Studies and the Pooled Estimate² Across Studies.

¹25(OH)D PGS are derived from summary statistics in which the primary model was adjusted for BMI. ²Effect estimates displayed are for a 1 SD increase in 25(OH)D PGS. They are adjusted for age, 5 ancestry PCs, MS DMT, disease duration, and the number of relapses in previous 3 years. The pooled effect estimate is results from a random effects meta-analysis. (A) The results for rate of EDSS progression (heterogeneity I² = 0.00%; p het=0.45). (B) The results for annualized percent change T25FW (I² = 0.0%; p het=0.91). (C) The results for annualized percent change 9HPT (I² = 0.0%; p het=0.67). 25[OH]D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 9HPT = nine-hole peg test; EDSS = expanded disability status scale; PGS = polygenic score; T25FW = timed 25-foot walk; DMT = disease-modifying therapies; JHU = Johns Hopkins; IMID = immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.