Figure 3. Results for Continuous 25(OH)D PGS¹ and MRI Outcomes for Individual Studies and the Pooled Estimate² Across Studies.

¹25(OH)D PGS are derived from summary statistics in which the primary model was adjusted for BMI. ²Effect estimates displayed are for a 1 SD increase in 25(OH)D PGS. ²Effect estimates displayed are for a 1 SD increase in 25(OH)D PGS. They are adjusted for age, 5 ancestry PCs, MS DMT, disease duration, and the number of relapses in previous 3 years. The pooled effect estimate is results from a random effects meta-analysis. (A) The results for annualized percent change in BPF (Heterogeneity I² = 66.0%; p het=0.09). (B) The results for annualized percent change in lesion volume (I² = 0.0%; p het=0.78). (C) Relative rate for new lesions (I² = 38.8%; p het=0.20). 25[OH]D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BPF = brain parenchymal fraction; DMT = disease-modifying therapies; JHU = Johns Hopkins; PGS = polygenic score.