Table 2. Severity scores and treatment during ICU stay a .
| Variable | In-hospital outcome | Total | OR | 95% CI | p* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discharge | Death | 2.5% | 97.5% | ||||
| (n = 371) | (n = 274) | ||||||
| First 24 h | |||||||
| SAPS 3 | 47.5 ± 12.0 | 62.5 ± 15.2 | 53.8 ± 15.3 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.10 | < 0.01 |
| SOFA | 2.0 [1.0-5.0] | 6.0 [4.0-9.0] | 4.0 [2.0-7.0]b | 1.39 | 1.31 | 1.48 | < 0.01 |
| Vasopressors | 39/368 (10.6) | 95/273 (34.8) | 134/641 (20.9) | 4.50 | 2.97 | 6.82 | < 0.01 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 18/368 (4.9) | 23/273 (8.4) | 41/641 (6.4) | 1.79 | 0.95 | 3.39 | 0.07 |
| Oxygen therapy | |||||||
| None | 55/370 (14.9) | 14/274 (5.1) | 69/644 (10.7) | 1 (ref) | - | - | - |
| Nasal catheter | 213/370 (57.6) | 117/274 (42.7) | 330/644 (51.2) | 2.16 | 1.15 | 4.05 | 0.02 |
| High-flow nasal catheter | 31/370 (8.4) | 16/274 (5.8) | 47/644 (7.3) | 2.03 | 0.87 | 4.70 | 0.01 |
| NIV | 10/370 (2.7) | 7/274 (2.6) | 17/644 (2.6) | 2.75 | 0.89 | 8.51 | 0.08 |
| IMV | 61/370 (16.5) | 120/274 (43.8) | 181/644 (28.1) | 7.73 | 3.98 | 14.99 | < 0.01 |
| Medications within 48 h | |||||||
| Oseltamivir | 101/370 (27.3) | 97/274 (35.4) | 198/644 (30.7) | 1.46 | 1.04 | 2.05 | 0.03 |
| Ribavirin/lopinavir/ritonavir | 100/371 (27.0) | 97/274 (35.4) | 197/645 (30.5) | 1.49 | 1.06 | 2.08 | 0.02 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 65/370 (17.6) | 66/274 (24.1) | 131/644 (20.3) | 1.49 | 1.01 | 2.19 | 0.04 |
| Azithromycin | 168/371 (45.3) | 120/274 (43.8) | 288/645 (44.7) | 0.94 | 0.69 | 1.29 | 0.71 |
| Antibiotics | 346/371 (93.3) | 273/274 (99.6) | 619/645 (96.0) | 19.73 | 2.66 | 146.39 | 0.003 |
| Antifungal therapy | 2/371 (0.5) | 9/274 (3.3) | 11/645 (1.7) | 6.27 | 1.34 | 29.24 | 0.02 |
| Corticosteroids | 154/371 (41.5) | 148/274 (54.0) | 302/645 (46.8) | 1.66 | 1.21 | 2.27 | 0.002 |
| Whole ICU stay | |||||||
| Vasopressors | 106/371 (31.5) | 231/274 (68.5) | 337/645 (52.2) | 19.52 | 12.4 | 30.61 | < 0.01 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 61/368 (16.6) | 164/273 (60.1) | 225/641 (35.1) | 7.59 | 5.26 | 10.95 | < 0.01 |
| Ventilatory support | |||||||
| High-flow nasal catheter | 68/368 (18.5) | 43/272 (15.8) | 111/640 (17.3) | 0.83 | 0.54 | 1.26 | 0.4 |
| NIV | 70/365 (19.2) | 63/268 (23.5) | 133/633 (21.0) | 1.28 | 0.87 | 1.88 | 0.24 |
| IMV | 108/370 (29.2) | 251/274 (91.6) | 359/644 (55.7) | 50.10 | 26.3 | 95.20 | < 0.01 |
| Duration of IMV, days | 13.8 ± 13.6 | 13.6 ± 14.4 | 13.7 ± 14.1 | - | - | - | 0.9 |
| Prone positioning | 82/367 (22.3) | 107/271 (39.5) | 189/638 (29.6) | 2.27 | 1.61 | 3.21 | < 0.01 |
| Nitric oxide | 2/371 (0.5) | 1/274 (0.4) | 3/645 (0.5) | 3.12 | 0.28 | 34.6 | 0.56 |
| ECMO | 0/367 (0.0) | 2/273 (0.7) | 2/640 (0.3) | - | - | - | 0.18 |
| Length of ICU stay, days | 11.7 ± 29.2 | 16.8 ± 30.3 | 13.9 ± 29.7 | - | - | - | 0.03 |
| Palliative care | 3/370 (0.08) | 44/272 (16.1) | 47/642 (7.3) | 12.67 | 0.98 | 162.25 | 0.07 |
SAPS 3: Simplified Acute Physiological Score; ref: reference; NIV: noninvasive ventilation; and IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation; and ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. aValues expressed as n/N (%), mean ± SD, or median [IQR]. bN = 643. *Pearson’s chi-square test, Student’s t test, or Mann-Whitney test.