Table 5.

Univariate Analysis of CCI, ASA Class, Age, and BMI as Predictors for Healthcare Utilization.

	CCI scorea	ASA scoreb	Agec	BMId
Emergency department visits
Within 365 days	1.12 [1.06–1.19]	ASA 2: n.s.	0.03 [0.01–0.06]	n.s.
		ASA 3: 4.98 [1.53–16.21]
Spine imaging studies
Within 90 days	n.s.	ASA 2: 1.76 [1.28–2.40]	n.s.	0.03 [0.01–0.05]
		ASA 3: 2.0 [1.42–2.82]
Within 180 days	1.05 [1.01–1.11]	ASA 2: 2.98 [1.44–6.17]	n.s.	0.04 [0.01–0.06]
		ASA 3: 3.51 [1.65–7.45]
Within 365 days	1.05 [1.01–1.11]	ASA 2: 2.99 [1.50–5.97]	n.s.	0.06 [0.02–0.10]
		ASA 3: 4.56 [2.20–9.45]
Opioid Rx
Within 365 days	1.17 [1.05–1.30]	ASA 2: n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
		ASA 3: 2.0 [1.06–3.76]
Nerve blocker Rx
Within 90 days	n.s.	ASA 2: 1.78 [1.08–2.96]	n.s.	0.04 [0.02–0.06]
		ASA 3: 1.98 [1.17–3.36]
Within 365 days	n.s.	ASA 2: n.s.	n.s.	0.06 [0.02–0.08]
		ASA 3: 6.03 [1.51–24.05]
Inpatient rehabilitation
Within 365 days	1.21 [1.15–1.28]	ASA 2: n.s.	0.06 [0.02–0.10]	0.04 [0.01–0.08]
		ASA 3: 2.39 [1.09–5.23]
Any referrals
Within 365 days	1.21 [1.15–1.28]	ASA 2: n.s.	n.s.	0.02 [0.01–0.03]
		ASA 3: 2.39 [1.09–5.23]
Pain management referrals
Within 365 days	1.09 [1.01–1.17]	ASA 2: n.s.	n.s.	n.s.
		ASA 3: n.s.

*Brackets [ ] indicate 95% confidence interval.

^aReported per 1 unit increase in CCI score.

^bReported relative to ASA score 1 as a baseline. ASA 4 and 5 were not included given the limited number of patients with ASA score of >3.

^cReported per 1 unit increase in BMI.

^dReported per 1 year increase in age.

n.s.=Did not achieve statistical significance.