Table 3.
Cognitive performance in African American women with parental history of AD.
| Total | Normal IL-10 (Raw) |
Elevated IL-10 (Raw) | Mean Difference | Raw p | Effect Sizes (95% Cl) (Raw) | Multivariate M difference (Adj) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Serial 3s % Correct (%) | 90.41 ± 16.3 | 92.52 ± 11.4 | 87.85 ± 21.0 | 4.67 (−17.75,8.41) | 0.464 | 0.28 (−0.5, 1) | −4.33 (−16.5,7.8) | 0.461 |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment (/30) | 25.74 ± 2.71 | 25.88 ± 3.0 | 25.57 ± 2.3 | 0.31 (−2.34,1.72) | 0.756 | 0.11 (−0.6, 0.9) | 0.54 (−2.4, 3.4) | 0.701 |
| Delayed Recall (MOCA) | 3.61 ± 1.1 | 3.53 ± 1.3 | 3.71 ± 0.8 | −0.18 (−0.65,1.02) | 0.654 | −0.16 (−0.9, 0.6) | −0.12 (−1.4, 1.1) | 0.847 |
| Brooks Spatial Memory (% Correct) | 68.84 ± 18.0 | 68.59 ± 15.1 | 69.14 ± 21.5 | −0.55 (−12.92,14.03) | 0.933 | −0.03 (−0.8, 0.7) | −2.16 (−23.4, 19.1) | 0.832 |
| BPST Span | 3.74 ± 1.0 | 3.59 ± 1.1 | 3.93 ± 0.9 | −0.34 (−0.4,1.08) | 0.354 | −0.34 (−1.1, 0.4) | −0.7 (−1.8, 0.4) | 0.195 |
| BPST Total Correct Trials | 4.29 ± 1.4 | 4.00 ± 1.3 | 4.64 ± 1.6 | −0.64 (−0.41,1.7) | 0.223 | −0.45 (−1.2, 0.3) | −0.98 (−2.3, 0.4) | 0.140 |
| Corsi Span | 4.23 ± 1.0 | 4.18 ± 0.6 | 4.29 ± 1.3 | −0.11 (−0.67,0.89) | 0.772 | −0.11 (−0.9, 0.6) | −0.18 (−1.3, 0.9) | 0.738 |
| Corsi Total Correct Trials | 5.42 ± 1.5 | 5.47 ± 1.1 | 5.36 ± 1.9 | 0.11 (−1.32,1.09) | 0.846 | 0.07 (−0.7, 0.8) | 0.06 (−1.6, 1.7) | 0.939 |
| TMT Difference (B-A) (s) | 43.59 ± 24.6 | 37.26 ± 22.7 | 51.27 ± 25.3 | −14.01 (−3.64,31.67) | 0.115 | −0.59 (−1.3, 0.2) | −17.92 (−42.4, 6.6) | 0.140 |
| TMT Proportion (B-A)/A | 1.84 ± 0.9 | 1.51 ± 0.7 | 2.24 ± 1.0 | −0.73 (0.11,1.34) | 0.022 | −0.87 (−1.6, −0.1) | −0.8 (−1.6, 0) * | 0.050 |
| CWIT Inhibition scaled score (/19) | 10.23 ± 2.6 | 10.76 ± 1.8 | 9.57 ± 3.3 | 1.19 (−3.23,0.84) | 0.235 | 0.47 (−0.3,1.2) | 1.21 (−0.9, 3.4) | 0.250 |
| CWIT Inhibition/switching scaled score (/19) | 10.48 ± 2.1 | 10.65 ± 1.7 | 10.29 ± 2.6 | 0.36 (−1.96,1.24) | 0.648 | 0.17 (−0.6, 0.9) | 0.4 (−1.5, 2.3) | 0.664 |
| CWIT Contrast switching scaled score* | 10.26 ± 1.9 | 9.88 ± 1.9 | 10.71 ± 1.9 | −0.83 (−0.58,2.25) | 0.239 | −0.43 (−1.2, 0.3) | −0.81 (−2.8, 1.2) | 0.399 |
| CWIT Inhibition total errors scaled score (/12–13) | 10.68 ± 2.3 | 11.12 ± 1.5 | 10.14 ± 3.0 | 0.97 (−2.81,0.86) | 0.279 | 0.43 (−0.3,1.2) | 0.14 (−1.5, 1.8) | 0.862 |
| CWIT Inhibition/switching total errors scaled score (/12–13) | 10.58 ± 2.2 | 10.94 ± 2.3 | 10.14 ± 2.0 | 0.8 (−2.39,0.79) | 0.313 | 0.37 (−0.4,1.1) | 0.68 (−1.4, 2.8) | 0.499 |
| TOL Total achievement scaled score (/19) | 9.68 ± 1.9 | 9.71 ± 2.1 | 9.64 ± 1.8 | 0.06 (−1.51,1.38) | 0.929 | 0.03 (−0.7, 0.8) | −0.24 (−2.7, 2.3) | 0.841 |
| TOL Mean first move time scaled (/17–19) | 9.35 ± 2.5 | 9.53 ± 3.0 | 9.14 ± 2.0 | 0.39 (−2.29,1.51) | 0.680 | 0.15 (−0.6, 0.9) | −1.11 (−4, 1.8) | 0.427 |
| TOL Time per move ratio scaled (/17–18) | 9.06 ± 3.3 | 8.47 ± 3.5 | 9.79 ± 2.9 | −1.32 (−1.11,3.74) | 0.276 | −0.40 (−1.1, 0.3) | −2.76 (−6.5, 1) | 0.135 |
| TOL Move accuracy ratio scaled (/18) | 8 ± 2.7 | 7.82 ± 2.9 | 8.21 ± 2.6 | −0.39 (−1.64,2.42) | 0.696 | −0.14 (−0.9, 0.6) | 0.92 (−2, 3.9) | 0.227 |
| TOL Total rule violations cumulative percentile rank (/100) | 57.97 ± 32.9 | 60.29 ± 33.64 | 55.14 ± 33.1 | 5.15 (−29.8,19.49) | 0.672 | 0.15 (−0.6, 0.9) | 16.61 (−23,56.3) | 0.632 |
Elevated = interleukin-10 ≥ 10 pg/ml; Normal = interleukin-10, 3–10 pg/ml; Values are presented as Mean ± SD for continuous variables, and n (%) for categorical variables. Adjusted mean differences presented in Mean ± SD and obtained by linear regression model adjusting for number of chronic diseases, education, and income. Alpha was originally set at p <.05 and Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons to 0.0025.- TMT: Trails Making Test CWIT: Color Word Interference Task; TOL: Tower of London. ^ Moderate-Large effect sizes per Cohen conventions. All scaled and contrast measures have normative mean values of 10. “Scaled” scores are scaled according to age norms.
CWIT contrast measures are better the closer they are to 10.