Table 3.
Associations between maternal SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG titers and PFAS exposure.
| PFAS Congener | Beta | SE | p-value | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linear Regression of Individual PFAS | ||||
| n-PFOA | −0.62 | 0.25 | 0.017* | (-1.11, −0.12) |
| PFHxS | −0.68 | 0.25 | 0.008* | (-1.18, −0.18) |
| PFHpS | −0.81 | 0.31 | 0.011* | (-1.42, −0.19) |
| PFHxA | −0.54 | 0.25 | 0.037* | (-1.04, −0.04) |
| PFNA | −0.22 | 0.20 | 0.269 | (-0.62, 0.18) |
| PFOS | −0.33 | 0.26 | 0.209 | (-0.85, 0.20) |
| PFUnDA | −0.20 | 0.22 | 0.388 | (-0.63, 0.25) |
| PFBS | −0.24 | 0.25 | 0.339 | (-0.74, 0.26) |
| PFDA | −0.15 | 0.22 | 0.490 | (-0.60, 0.29) |
| WQS regression of PFAS Mixture | ||||
| PFAS Mixture | −0.35 | 0.09 | 0.0003* | (-0.52, −0.17) |
SE: standard error; CI: confidence intervals.
*p-value <0.05.
Linear and WQS regression models are both adjusted for maternal age, gestational age at which SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer was measured, COVID-19 vaccination status prior to IgG titer measurement, maternal race/ethnicity, parity, type of insurance and pre-pregnancy BMI.