Table 3.
Differences between sociodemographics, organizational commitment, and leadership styles
| Indicator | Group | Mean ± SD | Sig. |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age group Organizational commitment |
<25 years old | 4.72±0.634 | |
| 26–28 years old | 4.82±0.506 | 0.297 | |
| 29–31 years old | 4.57±0.753 | ||
| >32 years old | 4.61±0.753 | ||
| Factor 1 (idealized influence) | <25 years old | 10.42±0.975 | |
| 26–28 years old | 9.41±1.96 | 0.061 | |
| 29–31 years old | 9.41±1.97 | ||
| >32 years old | 8.87±1.82 | ||
| Factor 2 (inspirational motivation) | <25 years old | 8.42±2.29 | |
| 26–28 years old | 8.00±1.93 | 0.183 | |
| 29–31 years old | 7.88±1.87 | ||
| Above 32 years old | 8.42±2.29 | ||
| Factor 3 (intellectual stimulation) | <25 years old | 10.0±1.52 | |
| 26–28 years old | 7.79±2.49 | 0.068 | |
| 29–31 years old | 7.39±1.66 | ||
| >32 years old | 7.80±1.92 | ||
| Factor 4 (individual consideration) | <25 years old | 10.28±1.25 | |
| 26–28 years old | 9.66±1.40 | 0.008 | |
| 29–31 years old | 8.24±1.58 | ||
| >32 years old | 8.36±1.62 | ||
| Factor 5 (contingent reward) | <25 years old | 10.28±1.25 | |
| 26–28 years old | 8.58±2.02 | 0.001 | |
| 29–31 years old | 7.70±1.92 | ||
| >32 years old | 7.93±1.53 | ||
| Factor 6 (management by exception) | <25 years old | 10.14±0.690 | |
| 26–28 years old | 8.79±1.74 | 0.095 | |
| 29–31 years old | 8.56±1.86 | ||
| >32 years old | 8.55±1.57 | ||
| Factor 7 (laissez-faire leadership) | <25 years old | 9.71±0.487 | |
| 26–28 years old | 7.84±2.27 | 0.001 | |
| 29–31 years old | 8.10±1.46 | ||
| >32 years old | 7.38±1.53 | ||
|
| |||
| Years of experience | |||
| Organizational commitment | 1–5 years | 4.74±0.672 | |
| 6–10 years | 4.67±0.706 | 0.009 | |
| Above 11 years | 4.38±0.773 | ||
| Factor 1 (idealized influence) | 1–5 years | 9.40±1.56 | |
| 6–10 years | 9.21±2.07 | 0.067 | |
| Above 11 years | 8.67±1.97 | ||
| Factor 2 (inspirational motivation) | 1–5 years | 8.14±1.74 | |
| 6–10 years | 8.00±2.09 | 0.475 | |
| Above 11 years | 7.75±1.58 | ||
| Factor 3 (intellectual stimulation) | 1–5 years | 7.72±2.14 | |
| 6–10 years | 7.73±1.87 | 0.996 | |
| Above 11 years | 7.75±1.91 | ||
| Factor 4 (individual consideration) | 1–5 years | 9.17±1.56 | |
| 6–10 years | 8.20±1.55 | 0.091 | |
| Above 11 years | 8.32±1.77 | ||
| Factor 5 (contingent reward) | 1–5 years | 8.43±1.80 | |
| 6–10 years | 7.44±1.61 | 0.001 | |
| Above 11 years | 8.46±1.79 | ||
| Factor 6 (management by exception) | 1–5 years | 9.45±1.39 | |
| 6–10 years | 8.09±1.88 | 0.95 | |
| Above 11 years | 8.36±1.18 | ||
| Factor 7 (laissez-faire leadership) | 1–5 years | 8.17±1.68 | |
| 6–10 years | 7.18±1.56 | 0.001 | |
| Above 11 years | 8.06±1.63 | ||
| Nationality | |||
| Organizational commitment | Saudi | 4.36±1.07 | 0.033 |
| Non-Saudi | 4.66±0.665 | ||
| Factor 1 (idealized influence) | Saudi Non-Saudi | 8.38±1.98 9.24±1.87 | 0.028 |
| Factor 2 (inspirational motivation) | Saudi Non-Saudi | 6.15±1.75 8.20±1.76 | 0.001 |
| Factor 3 (intellectual stimulation) | Saudi Non-Saudi | 6.76±1.98 7.84±1.95 |
0.098 |
| Factor 4 (individual consideration) | Saudi Non-Saudi | 8.50±2.37 8.58±1.57 | 0.808 |
| Factor 5 (contingent reward) | Saudi Non-Saudi | 7.76±1.75 8.05±1.79 | 0.439 |
| Factor 6 (management by exception) | Saudi Non-Saudi | 8.84±1.84 8.61±1.67 | 0.507 |
| Factor 7 (laissez-faire leadership) | Saudi Non-Saudi | 7.23±1.60 7.78±1.68 | 0.109 |
|
| |||
| Ward assignment | |||
| Organizational commitment | COVID ward | 4.96±0.605 | 0.166 |
| Non-COVID/clean ward | 4.62±0.722 | ||
| Factor 1 (idealized influence) | COVID ward | 10.0±0.866 | 0.176 |
| Non-COVID/clean ward | 9.12±1.91 | ||
| Factor 2 (inspirational motivation) | COVID ward | 7.33±1.87 | 0.279 |
| Non-COVID/clean ward | 8.02±1.86 | ||
| Factor 3 (intellectual stimulation) | COVID ward | 7.44±1.23 | 0.652 |
| Non-COVID/clean ward | 7.74±1.99 | ||
| Factor 4 (individual consideration) | COVID ward | 7.44±1.74 | 0.038 |
| Non-COVID/clean ward | 8.61±1.65 | ||
| Factor 5 (contingent reward) | COVID ward | 8.55±1.42 | 0.368 |
| Non-COVID/clean ward | 8.00±1.79 | ||
| Factor 6 (management by exception) | COVID ward | 9.00±1.00 | 0.513 |
| Non-COVID/clean ward | 8.62±1.71 | ||
| Factor 7 (laissez-faire leadership) | COVID ward | 9.00±1.11 | 0.021 |
| Non-COVID/clean ward | 7.68±1.68 | ||