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. 2022 Nov 30;13:1018027. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1018027

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Chu, Li, Lu, Liu, Cai, Quan and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plot (A) and network map (B) for hypoglycemic drugs (HD) with placebo in improving Aβ42. (A) A: placebo, B: intranasal insulin, C: metformin, D: pioglitazone, E: glucagon-like peptide-1, F: dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor. (B) Lines connect the interventions that have been studied in head-to-head comparisons in eligible RCTs. The width of the lines represents the total number of RCTs for each pairwise comparison. The size of each node is proportional to the number of randomized participants. Metformin (MTN), Pioglitazone (PLZ), Intranasal insulin (ITSN), Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP-4).