Table 3.
Multivariable analysis for PVWMH and DWMH after adjusting for confounders.
| Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 3d | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PVWMH | DWMH | PVWMH | DWMH | PVWMH | DWMH | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| CAC score | ||||||||||||
| 0 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||||||
| 0–99 | 2.31 (1.45–3.73) | < 0.001 | 1.83 (1.15–2.92) | 0.011 | 2.23 (1.37–3.62) | 0.001 | 1.60 (0.99–2.58) | 0.057 | 2.22 (1.36–3.61) | 0.001 | 1.59 (0.98–2.58) | 0.061 |
| > 100 | 6.28 (3.76–10.49) | < 0.001 | 4.56 (2.74–7.59) | < 0.001 | 5.76 (3.31–10.05) | < 0.001 | 3.96 (2.29–6.84) | < 0.001 | 5.45 (3.11–9.54) | < 0.001 | 3.66 (2.10–6.38) | < 0.001 |
| Age | 1.13 (1.11–1.16) | < 0.001 | 1.11 (1.09–1.14) | < 0.001 | 1.13 (1.10–1.16) | < 0.001 | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | < 0.001 | 1.13 (1.10–1.16) | < 0.001 | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | 0.86 (0.52–1.42) | 0.55 | 0.69 (0.42–1.13) | 0.142 | 0.88 (0.47–1.63) | 0.679 | 0.60 (0.32–1.13) | 0.114 | 0.84 (0.45–1.56) | 0.578 | 0.55 (0.29–1.04) | 0.066 |
| Hypertension | 2.34 (1.54–3.57) | < 0.001 | 2.04 (1.35–3.10) | 0.001 | 2.29 (1.50–3.50) | < 0.001 | 1.98 (1.30–3.02) | 0.001 | ||||
| BMI | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 0.303 | 1.06 (0.98–1.13) | 0.134 | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) | 0.362 | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 0.173 | ||||
| Diabetes | 1.43 (0.86–2.39) | 0.168 | 1.18 (0.71–1.98) | 0.52 | 1.30 (0.77–2.19) | 0.328 | 1.04 (0.61–1.77) | 0.897 | ||||
| Dyslipidemia | 0.69 (0.46–1.04) | 0.075 | 0.88 (0.59–1.31) | 0.52 | 0.68 (0.45–1.03) | 0.071 | 0.86 (0.57–1.30) | 0.477 | ||||
| Current or former smoker | 0.74 (0.46–1.20) | 0.225 | 1.56 (0.93–2.62) | 0.09 | 0.76 (0.47–1.24) | 0.269 | 1.65 (0.97–2.81) | 0.062 | ||||
| Regular exercisea | 0.97 (0.85–1.11) | 0.646 | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | 0.526 | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | 0.723 | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) | 0.419 | ||||
| History of CAD | 0.52 (0.21–1.28) | 0.154 | 0.88 (0.38–2.02) | 0.759 | 0.45 (0.17–1.16) | 0.099 | 0.76 (0.32–1.85) | 0.551 | ||||
| Homocysteine | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | 0.666 | 0.92 (0.84–1.10) | 0.04 | 1.02 (0.96–1.07) | 0.589 | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) | 0.056 | ||||
| ICAS | 3.97 (1.31–12.06) | 0.015 | 7.11 (2.33–21.77) | 0.001 | ||||||||
PVWMH Periventricular white matter hyperintensity, DWMH Deep white matter hyperintensity, ICAS Intracranial artery stenosis, CAC Coronary artery calcium, CAD Coronary artery disease, CI Confidence interval, OR Odds ratio.
aRegular engagement in vigorous exercise for more than 10 min at least 3 times per week.
bAdjusted for age and sex.
cAdjusted for Model 1 + atherosclerotic risk factors (BMI, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, current or former smoker, regular exercise, history of CAD, and homocysteine level).
dAdjusted for Model 2 + ICAS.