Table 2.

List of batch effects: NSCLC IO dataset.

Batch effect	Category	Number of patients (n = 107)
Contrast enhancement	Contrast-enhanced	80 (74.8%)
	Non-contrast-enhanced	27 (25.2%)
Kernel resolution (Manufacturer)	Low Resolution-Soft tissue kernel (≤ B40f (Siemens), B, C, D (Philips), STD (GE))	90 (84.1%)
	High Resolution-Lung Kernel (> B40f (Siemens), A (Philips), LUNG (GE))	17 (15.8%)
Pixel spacing Dynamic range (mm): [0.54, 1.17]	< 0.75 mm	58 (54.2%)
	≥ 0.75 mm	49 (45.8%)
Slice thickness Dynamic range (mm): [0.8, 3.75]	< 1.5 mm	64 (59.8%)
	≥ 1.5 mm	43 (40.2%)