TABLE 2.
Comparison between control and intervention groups at baseline (depending on socio‐demographic characteristics)
| Variables | Group | Total (N = 119), Mean ± SD (range) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (N = 56), Mean ± SD | Experimental (N = 63), Mean ± SD | |||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Age (years) | 82.91 ± 6.86 | 80.79 ± 5.38 | 81.79 ± 6.27 (66–94) | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 13 | 23.2 | 15 | 23.8 | 28 | 23.5 |
| Female | 43 | 76.8 | 48 | 76.2 | 91 | 76.5 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 6 | 10.7 | 14 | 22.2 | 20 | 16.8 |
| Separated | 4 | 7.1 | 5 | 7.9 | 9 | 7.6 |
| Single | 6 | 10.7 | 4 | 6.3 | 10 | 8.4 |
| Widowed | 40 | 71.4 | 40 | 63.5 | 80 | 67.2 |
| Living with others at home | ||||||
| Spouse or partner | 6 | 10.7 | 11 | 17.5 | 17 | 14.3 |
| Without a partner, but forming the nuclear family with a child or other family member | 4 | 7.1 | 5 | 7.9 | 9 | 7.6 |
| Living alone | 46 | 82.1 | 46 | 73.0 | 92 | 77.3 |
| Without a partner, but lives with other non‐relatives | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.6 | 1 | 0.8 |
| Education level | ||||||
| No studies | 24 | 42.9 | 23 | 36.5 | 47 | 39.5 |
| Incomplete primary school | 17 | 30.4 | 24 | 38.1 | 41 | 34.5 |
| Primary school graduate | 10 | 17.9 | 16 | 25.4 | 26 | 21.8 |
| Secondary school | 5 | 8.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 4.2 |
| Last occupation held | ||||||
| External | 35 | 62.5 | 45 | 71.4 | 80 | 67.2 |
| Internal | 20 | 35.7 | 18 | 28.6 | 38 | 31.9 |
| Unknown | 1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.8 |
| Financial condition (difficulties) | ||||||
| Rarely or almost never | 32 | 57.1 | 34 | 54.0 | 66 | 55.5 |
| From time to time | 12 | 21.4 | 14 | 22.2 | 26 | 21.8 |
| Often | 8 | 14.3 | 6 | 9.5 | 14 | 11.8 |
| Many times | 4 | 7.1 | 9 | 14.3 | 13 | 10.9 |
| Receive financial help | ||||||
| Yes | 15 | 26.8 | 23 | 36.5 | 38 | 31.9 |
| No | 41 | 73.2 | 40 | 63.5 | 81 | 68.1 |
| Having people helping | ||||||
| Yes | 38 | 71.7 | 39 | 66.1 | 77 | 68.8 |
| No | 15 | 28.3 | 20 | 33.9 | 35 | 31.3 |
| Their relationship with family and friends meets their expectations | ||||||
| Yes | 28 | 53.9 | 19 | 32.2 | 47 | 42.3 |
| No | 24 | 46.2 | 40 | 67.8 | 64 | 57.7 |
Abbreviation: SD, Standard deviation.