Table 2. Review of studies about sedentarism in older people.

Studies				Quality assessment						Summary of findings		Quality
Ref	N	Study design		Limitations	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Imprecision		Relative effect estimates	Absolute effect estimates
BMI: body mass index; CS: Cohort study; CONS: consensus; CV: cardiovascular; CVRF: cardiovascular risk factors; h: hours; HDL: High density lipoproteins; HR: Hazard ratio; I: Important; m: men; min: minute; N: Number of participants in analysis; NA: Not Applicable; OBS: observational study; OR: odds ratio; PC: use of pc computer; Quality: quality assessed according to GRADE methodology; RCT: random clinical trial; Ref: bibliography reference annex 1; RR: relative risk; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SR: systematic review; TW: televisión; U: Undetected; UV: unavailable; VI: Very Important; w: women.
What are and how to measure sedentarism and physical activity?
1	NA	SR		I	U	U	U	U		NA	NA	Low
2	NA	CONS		I	U	NA	NA	I		NA	NA	Low
Are older people more sedentary?
3	1 216	CS		I	U	I	U	U		UV	For every additional 1000 steps/day decrease 0.038 meter/second in pulse wave, 0.095 Increase in compliance coefficient, 0.26% Decrease in aortic increase index and 0.005mm Decrease in carotid thickness	Low
4	1 367	CS		I	U	U	U	U		UV	UV	Very low
5	2 918	CS		I	U	I	U	U		UV	HR 1.51 (longer sedentarism lifestyle)	Moderate
6	NA	SR		I	I	U	U	I		UV	UV	Very low
Is a sedentarism lifestyle compensated by physical activity?
7	1 47	OBS		VI	U	U	I	U		UV	The beneficial effects of exercise (30-150 min a week) on cardiovascular health are only maintained if the sedentarism lifestyle is less than 10h a day	Low
8	1 914	OBS		I	I	U	I	U		UV	Physical activity favors lower weight + BMI+ waist circumference + blood pressure	Low
9	71 018	OBS		I	U	I	U	U		RR 1.18 (> 10 h/day vs <5 h/day seated)	UV	Moderate
10	2 765	OBS		I	U	U	U	U		UV	Each extra minute of sedentarism: RR 0.008 BMI RR 0.234 waist circunference/ RR 0.0018 cholesterol TT-HDL / RR 1.059 diabetes	Very low
Which is the impact of sedentarism in the cardiovascular disease in the elderly?
11	5 638	OBS		I	U	I	U	U		HR 1.62 (> 11h /day vs < 9h /day) HR 1.54 (sedentarism periods)	UV	Low
12	495	OBS		I	U	I	U	U		UV	Each hour of sedentarism is associated with OR 1.22 (w) and 1.57 (m) of having CVRF. A greater respiratory capacity attenuates the adverse effect of sedentarism lifestyle on CVRF	Low
13	92 234	OBS		I	U	I	U	U		HR 1.12 (1.05-1.21) (total mortality) HR 1.13 (0.99-1.29) (CV mortality) HR 1.27 (1.04-1.55) (acute coronary mortality) HR 1.21 (1.07-1.37) (cancer mortality)	UV	Low
14	425	OBS		VI	U	I	I	U		UV	Sedentarism = lower HTA and HDL physical activity/minute: lower waist perimeter + SBP + glycemia + HDL elevation	Low
15	2 657	OBS		I	U	U	U	U		HR -0.67 mortality CV (non-sedentarism) 6.4% CV mortality risk (1h/day of sedentarism vs non-sedentarism)	UV	Low
How to act in the frail sedentary elderly?
16	1 635	OBS		I	U	I	MI	U		RR 0.04% CV (1 MIN/day /10 years non CV mortality) RR 0.03% non CV mortality)	Greater physical activity: lower risk in a population with cardiovascular risk and without it	Low
Is it worth reducing sedentarism lifestyle in the elderly?
17	2 635	CS		I	U	U	U	U		Mortality: HR 0.91 (0.76-1.10) (new sedentarism) HR 0.86 (0.7-1.05) (chronic sedentarism) HR 0.75 (0.62-0.90) (non-sedentarism)	UV	Moderate
18	287	OBS		VI	U	U	U	U		+10min Tw=+2.9 min sedentarism +10min PC=+2.2 min sedentarism	UV	Low
What physical activity is rcsommended in the elderly and how to prescribe it?
19	120	RCT		U	U	U	U	U		+1% activity (17min) -1.21% sedentarism (25 min)	NA	High
20	136	OBS		I	U	I	VI	U		NA	NA	Low