Table 2. Review of studies about sedentarism in older people.
| Studies | Quality assessment | Summary of findings | Quality | |||||||||
| Ref | N | Study design | Limitations | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Imprecision | Relative effect estimates | Absolute effect estimates | |||
| BMI: body mass index; CS: Cohort study; CONS: consensus; CV: cardiovascular; CVRF: cardiovascular risk factors; h: hours; HDL: High density lipoproteins; HR: Hazard ratio; I: Important; m: men; min: minute; N: Number of participants in analysis; NA: Not Applicable; OBS: observational study; OR: odds ratio; PC: use of pc computer; Quality: quality assessed according to GRADE methodology; RCT: random clinical trial; Ref: bibliography reference annex 1; RR: relative risk; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SR: systematic review; TW: televisión; U: Undetected; UV: unavailable; VI: Very Important; w: women. | ||||||||||||
| What are and how to measure sedentarism and physical activity? | ||||||||||||
| 1 | NA | SR | I | U | U | U | U | NA | NA | Low | ||
| 2 | NA | CONS | I | U | NA | NA | I | NA | NA | Low | ||
| Are older people more sedentary? | ||||||||||||
| 3 | 1 216 | CS | I | U | I | U | U | UV | For every additional 1000 steps/day decrease 0.038 meter/second in pulse wave, 0.095 Increase in compliance coefficient, 0.26% Decrease in aortic increase index and 0.005mm Decrease in carotid thickness | Low | ||
| 4 | 1 367 | CS | I | U | U | U | U | UV | UV | Very low | ||
| 5 | 2 918 | CS | I | U | I | U | U | UV | HR 1.51 (longer sedentarism lifestyle) | Moderate | ||
| 6 | NA | SR | I | I | U | U | I | UV | UV | Very low | ||
| Is a sedentarism lifestyle compensated by physical activity? | ||||||||||||
| 7 | 1 47 | OBS | VI | U | U | I | U | UV | The beneficial effects of exercise (30-150 min a week) on cardiovascular health are only maintained if the sedentarism lifestyle is less than 10h a day | Low | ||
| 8 | 1 914 | OBS | I | I | U | I | U | UV | Physical activity favors lower weight + BMI+ waist circumference + blood pressure | Low | ||
| 9 | 71 018 | OBS | I | U | I | U | U | RR 1.18 (> 10 h/day vs <5 h/day seated) | UV | Moderate | ||
| 10 | 2 765 | OBS | I | U | U | U | U | UV | Each extra minute of sedentarism: RR 0.008 BMI RR 0.234 waist circunference/ RR 0.0018 cholesterol TT-HDL / RR 1.059 diabetes |
Very low | ||
| Which is the impact of sedentarism in the cardiovascular disease in the elderly? | ||||||||||||
| 11 | 5 638 | OBS | I | U | I | U | U | HR 1.62 (> 11h /day vs < 9h /day) HR 1.54 (sedentarism periods) |
UV | Low | ||
| 12 | 495 | OBS | I | U | I | U | U | UV | Each hour of sedentarism is associated with OR 1.22 (w) and 1.57 (m) of having CVRF. A greater respiratory capacity attenuates the adverse effect of sedentarism lifestyle on CVRF | Low | ||
| 13 | 92 234 | OBS | I | U | I | U | U | HR 1.12 (1.05-1.21) (total mortality) HR 1.13 (0.99-1.29) (CV mortality) HR 1.27 (1.04-1.55) (acute coronary mortality) HR 1.21 (1.07-1.37) (cancer mortality) |
UV | Low | ||
| 14 | 425 | OBS | VI | U | I | I | U | UV | Sedentarism = lower HTA and HDL physical activity/minute: lower waist perimeter + SBP + glycemia + HDL elevation |
Low | ||
| 15 | 2 657 | OBS | I | U | U | U | U | HR -0.67 mortality CV (non-sedentarism) 6.4% CV mortality risk (1h/day of sedentarism vs non-sedentarism) |
UV | Low | ||
| How to act in the frail sedentary elderly? | ||||||||||||
| 16 | 1 635 | OBS | I | U | I | MI | U | RR 0.04% CV (1 MIN/day /10 years non CV mortality) RR 0.03% non CV mortality) |
Greater physical activity: lower risk in a population with cardiovascular risk and without it | Low | ||
| Is it worth reducing sedentarism lifestyle in the elderly? | ||||||||||||
| 17 | 2 635 | CS | I | U | U | U | U | Mortality: HR 0.91 (0.76-1.10) (new sedentarism) HR 0.86 (0.7-1.05) (chronic sedentarism) HR 0.75 (0.62-0.90) (non-sedentarism) |
UV | Moderate | ||
| 18 | 287 | OBS | VI | U | U | U | U | +10min Tw=+2.9 min sedentarism +10min PC=+2.2 min sedentarism |
UV | Low | ||
| What physical activity is rcsommended in the elderly and how to prescribe it? | ||||||||||||
| 19 | 120 | RCT | U | U | U | U | U | +1% activity (17min) -1.21% sedentarism (25 min) |
NA | High | ||
| 20 | 136 | OBS | I | U | I | VI | U | NA | NA | Low | ||