Table 4. Review of studies on obesity and metabolic syndrome in the elderly.

Studies				Quality assessment						Summary of findings		Quality
Ref	N	Study design		Limitations	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication bias		Relative effect estimates	Absolute effect estimates
CVR: cardiovascular risk; HR: Hazard ratio; I: Important; NA: not applicable; RCT: random clinical trial; Ref: bibliography reference annex 1; SR: systematic review; UV: Unavailable; U: Undetected ; Quality: quality assessed according to GRADE methodology; VI: Very Important ; w: women.
How does obesity influence cardiovascular risk in the elderly?
38	79	RCT		U	U	I	U	Low		UV	UV	Moderate
39	1 588	Post hoc Analysis		U	U	I	U	Low		NA	NA	Low
40	792	Transversal study		U	U	I	I	Low		NA	NA	Moderate
41	NA	Review		I	VI	VI	VI	High		NA	NA	Very low
42	221 270	SR		I	U	I	I	Low		NA	NA	Moderate
43	NA	Review		I	UV	UV	UV	Uv		NA	NA	Low
What is the non-pharmacological management of the elderly patient with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome: exercise and diet?
44	1 868	RCT		U	U	I	U	U		Recent metabolic syndrome/consumption of cheese: HR 1.31 (1.10. 1.56) (53.8% w)	UV	High
45	74	RCT		U	I	I	I	Low		Decrease of metabolic syndrome from 100% to 51.9% (6months of treatment) 100% a 16.2% (12 months of treatment)	100% Low-moderate CVR-moderate (treatment) vs 13.5% very high CVR and 27% high risk (p < 0.001)	High
46	260	RCT		UV	UV	UV	UV	Uv		NA	NA	Moderate
47	1 533	RCT		U	U	U	I	High		UV	UV	High