Table 1.

Demographics and clinical characteristics of subjects at baseline

Variables		Total (n=286)	LS group (n=38)	non-LS group (n=248)	p value
Age (years)	Mean (SD)	64.2 (13.1)	63.6 (16.0)	64.3 (12.7)	0.995
Duration of disease (years)	Mean (SD)	10.5 (9.0)	8.6 (9.1)	10.8 (9.0)	0.028
Sex, female (%)		70.6	73.7	70.2	0.800
BMI (kg/m2)	Mean (SD)	22.0 (3.7)	23.7 (3.9)	21.8 (3.3)	0.009
Married (%)		67.5	55.3	69.4	0.123
School education ≥13 years (%)		31.5	34.2	31.0	0.839
Steinbrocker stage (3/4) (%)		33.9	21.6	35.8	0.131
Glucocorticoid use (%)		23.4	28.9	22.6	0.511
Methotrexate use (%)		69.2	60.5	70.6	0.289
Other csDMARD use (%)		42.7	47.4	41.9	0.650
bDMARD/tsDMARD use (%)		35.3	42.1	34.3	0.448
Rheumatoid factor positive (%)		67.7	71.1	67.2	0.777
CRP (mg/dl)	Mean (SD)	0.22 (0.39)	0.19 (0.26)	0.22 (0.41)	0.924
Swollen 28-joint count	Mean (SD)	0.5 (1.7)	0.7 (1.9)	0.5 (1.6)	0.410
Tender 28-joint count	Mean (SD)	1.0 (1.9)	1.3 (2.2)	0.9 (1.9)	0.211
Subject’s global assessment of disease activity VAS (mm)	Mean (SD)	11.6 (15.7)	19.3 (18.6)	10.4 (14.9)	<0.001
Physician’s global assessment of disease activity VAS (mm)	Mean (SD)	9.5 (13.5)	18.1 (16.6)	8.2 (12.5)	<0.001
CDAI	Mean (SD)	3.6 (5.0)	5.7 (5.1)	3.3 (4.9)	0.001
HAQ-DI	Mean (SD)	0.11 (0.21)	0.18 (0.24)	0.10 (0.21)	0.004
KCL	Mean (SD)	4.5 (3.0)	5.7 (3.6)	4.3 (2.8)	0.017
GLFS-25	Mean (SD)	6.8 (4.4)	9.6 (3.4)	6.3 (4.4)	<0.001

LS: locomotive syndrome

BMI: body mass index

DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

csDMARD: conventional synthetic DMARD

bDMARD: biological DMARD

tsDMARD: targeted synthetic DMARD

CRP: C-reactive protein

VAS: visual analog scale

CDAI: Clinical Disease Activity Index

HAQ-DI: Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index

KCL: The Kihon Checklist

SD: standard deviation

GLFS-25: 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale

Locomotive syndrome was defined as ≥16 points on the GLFS-25. Other csDMARDs include salazosulfapyridine, tacrolimus, bucillamine, and iguratimod.

P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.