Table 2.
Changes in median points of GLFS-25 in non-LS group
| GLFS-25 items | Baseline (2020) | 1 year (2021) | p value |
| 1. Neck or upper limb pain | 1.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.048 |
| 2. Back, lower back, or buttocks pain | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.931 |
| 3. Lower limb pain | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.229 |
| 4. Painful to move body in daily life | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.614 |
| 5. Difficult to get up from a bed or lie down | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.655 |
| 6. Difficult to stand up from a chair | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.063 |
| 7. Difficult to walk inside the house | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 1.000 |
| 8. Difficult to put on and take off shirt | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.178 |
| 9. Difficult to put on and take off trousers and pants | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.031 |
| 10. Difficult to use the toilet | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.773 |
| 11. Difficult to wash body in bath | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.393 |
| 12. Difficult to go up and down stairs | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.409 |
| 13. Difficult to walk briskly | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.644 |
| 14. Difficult to keep oneself neat | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.080 |
| 15. Difficult to keep walking without rest | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.963 |
| 16. Difficult to go out to visit neighbors | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.530 |
| 17. Difficult to carry objects weighing 2 kg | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.059 |
| 18. Difficult to go out using public transportation | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.301 |
| 19. Difficult to carry out simple tasks and housework | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.565 |
| 20. Difficult to carry out load-bearing tasks and housework | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.046 |
| 21. Difficult to perform sports activities | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.450 |
| 22. Restricted from meeting friends | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 1.0] | <0.001 |
| 23. Restricted from joining social activities | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 3.0] | <0.001 |
| 24. Anxious about falls in house | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | 0.044 |
| 25. Anxious about being unable to walk in the future | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 0.525 |
LS: locomotive syndrome
GLFS-25: 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale
Data are presented as median [interquartile range]. Locomotive syndrome was defined as ≥16 points on the GLFS-25. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.