Table 4.
Baseline factors for development of LS at 1 year by logistic regression analysis
| Variables | Univariable OR | Multivariable OR | |||||
| OR | (95% CI) | p-value | OR | (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Age (years) | 0.99 | (0.97–1.02) | 0.758 | — | |||
| Duration of disease (years) | 0.97 | (0.92–1.01) | 0.172 | — | |||
| Sex, female | 1.19 | (0.55–2.58) | 0.657 | — | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.15 | (1.05–1.26) | 0.003 | 1.11 | (1.00–1.22) | 0.043 | |
| Married | 0.55 | (0.27–1.09) | 0.087 | 0.64 | (0.29–1.39) | 0.260 | |
| School education ≥ 13 years | 1.15 | (0.56–2.38) | 0.696 | — | |||
| Steinbrocker stage (3/4) | 0.50 | (0.22–1.13) | 0.095 | 0.44 | (0.18–1.06) | 0.068 | |
| Glucocorticoid use | 1.40 | (0.65–2.99) | 0.390 | — | |||
| Methotrexate use | 0.64 | (0.32–1.30) | 0.214 | — | |||
| Other csDMARD use | 1.25 | (0.63–2.47) | 0.529 | — | |||
| bDMARD or tsDMARD use | 1.39 | (0.70–2.80) | 0.348 | — | |||
| Rheumatoid factor positive | 1.20 | (0.57–2.54) | 0.639 | — | |||
| CDAI | 1.08 | (1.02–1.14) | 0.011 | 1.08 | (1.00–1.16) | 0.046 | |
| KCL | 1.16 | (1.04–1.29) | 0.007 | 1.10 | (0.97–1.25) | 0.137 | |
| GLFS-25 | 1.20 | (1.10–1.31) | <0.001 | 1.15 | (1.03–1.27) | 0.009 | |
LS: locomotive syndrome
OR: odds ratio
CI: confidence interval
BMI: body mass index
DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
csDMARD: conventional synthetic DMARD
bDMARD: biological DMARD
tsDMARD: targeted synthetic DMARD
CDAI: Clinical Disease Activity Index
KCL: The Kihon Checklist
GLFS-25: 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale
Locomotive syndrome was defined as ≥16 points on the GLFS-25. Other csDMARDs include salazosulfapyridine, tacrolimus, bucillamine, and iguratimod. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.