Table 5.

GLFS-25 categories for development of LS at 1 year by logistic regression analysis

Variables	Multivariable OR
	OR	(95% CI)	p-value
Baseline
Social activities	1.13	(0.96–1.33)	0.148
Body pain	1.29	(1.05–1.58)	0.016
Cognitive	1.37	(0.94–1.99)	0.105
GLFS-5	1.17	(0.95–1.44)	0.153
Movement-related difficulty	1.38	(0.72–2.62)	0.330
Usual care	1.10	(0.64–1.88)	0.740
Change
ΔSocial activities	1.41	(1.16–1.73)	<0.001
ΔBody pain	1.68	(1.25–2.27)	<0.001
ΔCognitive	1.99	(1.15–3.45)	0.014
ΔGLFS-5	2.57	(1.75–3.77)	<0.001
ΔMovement-related difficulty	2.45	(1.15–5.21)	0.020
ΔUsual care	1.31	(0.72–2.39)	0.379

LS: locomotive syndrome

OR: odds ratio

CI: confidence interval

GLFS-25: 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale

Locomotive syndrome was defined as ≥16 points on the GLFS-25. Body pain includes question Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4. Movement-related difficulty includes question Nos. 5, 6, and 7. Usual care includes question Nos. 8, 9, 10, 11, and 14. GLFS-5 includes question Nos. 12, 13, 15, 17, and 20. Social activities includes question Nos. 18, 21, 22, and 23. Cognitive includes question Nos. 24 and 25. Δ indicates change in score between baseline and 1 year later. OR for 1-score increase. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.