Table 2.

Demographics and surgical characteristics by chronic pain onset or not

	NRS < 4 (n = 40)	NRS ≥4 (n = 8)	P value
Age (years)	66.5 ± 10.0	65.9 ± 10.8	0.817
Height (cm)	163.1 ± 9.2	159.5 ± 7.6	0.338
Body weight (kg)	60.2 ± 11.4	57.0 ± 15.2	0.526
Male : Female (number of cases)	36 : 4	6 : 2	0.241
Surgery
Upper lobe/middle/lower (number of cases)	25/4/11	5/0/3	—
Duration of anaesthesia (min)	244.1 ± 49.3	254.9 ± 58.6	0.649
Operation time (min)	178.0 ± 54.1	190.13 ± 59.8	0.604
Hospitalization after surgery (day)	14.0 ± 22.3	12.6 ± 9.3	0.741
Postoperative days (day)	672.7 ± 117.4	680.0 ± 148.3	0.604
Epi Group/PVB Group (n=)	21/19	4/4	0.8972

NRS: Numerical Rating Scale

Epi: epidural block

PVB: paravertebral block

Data are mean ± SD (n = 48).

Statistical significance of differences between the two groups was assessed using two-tailed t-test and Pearson Chi-square test.