Table 1.
Sample characteristics
| 2013 GP | 2021 GP | SPARK | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | N = 1,016 | N = 2,050 | N = 2,023 |
| % (N) | % (N) | % (N) | |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 52.3 (531) | 49.6 (1,017) | 49.09 (993) |
| Male | 47.7 (485) | 49.7 (1,018) | 46.66 (944) |
| Nonbinary | – | 0.56 (12) | – |
| Other | – | 0.15 (3) | 3.46 (70) |
| Missing | – | – | 0.79 (16) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Black or African American | 26.8 (272) | 27.5 (563) | 20.46 (414) |
| Latino or Hispanic American | – | 2.49 (51) | – |
| East Asian or Asian American | – | 4.58 (94) | 5.68(115) |
| South Asian or Indian American or Native Hawaiian | – | 1.07 (22) | 0.94 (19) |
| Middle Eastern or Arab American | – | 0.25 (5) | – |
| White | 59.0 (599) | 57.0 (1,169) | 51.90 (1,050) |
| Other | 2.4 (24) | 2.10 (43) | 5.34(108) |
| Multiple selected | 3.7 (38) | 3.17 (65) | 14.88 (301) |
| Missing | – | – | 0.79 (16) |
| Age | |||
| 18–25 | 15.8 (161) | 15.76 (323) | 8.06 (163) |
| 26–39 | 23.7 (241) | 28.54 (585) | 43.3 (876) |
| 40–49 | 36.2 (368) | 15.76 (323) | 29.16 (590) |
| 50–59 | 24.2 (26) | 11.8 (242) | 13.2 (267) |
| 60+ | 15.8 (161) | 28.15 (577) | 5.49 (111) |
| Missing | – | – | 0.79 (16) |
| Education level | |||
| Less than high school | 9.0 (91) | 5.17 (106) | 4.4(89) |
| High school | 23.2 (236) | 34.0 (697) | 26.5(536) |
| Some college | 29.3 (298) | 17.1 (350) | 20.91 (423) |
| Bachelor’s or graduate degree | 30.2 (307) | 43.8 (897) | 47.4 (959) |
| Missing | – | – | 0.79 (16) |
| Income | |||
| Less than $49,999 | 41.9 (426) | 49.5 (1,015) | 45.8 (926) |
| $50,000–$99,999 | 31.9 (324) | 31.1 (638) | 28.2 (571) |
| Over $100,000 | 26.2 (266) | 19.4 (397) | 25.2 (510) |
| Missing | – | – | 0.79 (16) |