Table 1.

Average accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for 200 iterations in the simulation at an increasing shifting variation from ppm to ppm across the proposed method, Lasso, elastic net, and adaptive Lasso. Corresponding standard deviations are recorded in parentheses

	Metrics	0.01ppm	0.02ppm	0.03ppm	0.04ppm
	Accuracy	0.999 (0.002)	0.998 (0.003)	0.997 (0.005)	0.995 (0.006)
Proposed method	Sensitivity	0.980 (0.119)	0.990 (0.081)	0.978 (0.116)	0.950 (0.208)
	Specificity	0.999 (0.002)	0.998 (0.003)	0.997 (0.004)	0.996 (0.005)
	Accuracy	0.988 (0.029)	0.973 (0.040)	0.956 (0.062)	0.949 (0.065)
Lasso	Sensitivity	0.748 (0.328)	0.758 (0.263)	0.760 (0.209)	0.697 (0.270)
	Specificity	0.991 (0.030)	0.976 (0.041)	0.960 (0.063)	0.954 (0.067)
	Accuracy	0.941 (0.089)	0.936 (0.064)	0.923 (0.061)	0.898 (0.090)
Elastic net	Sensitivity	0.992 (0.052)	0.915 (0.146)	0.843 (0.167)	0.827 (0.167)
	Specificity	0.940 (0.091)	0.936 (0.063)	0.924 (0.062)	0.899 (0.092)
Adaptive Lasso	Accuracy	0.984 (0.043)	0.964 (0.056)	0.956 (0.059)	0.945 (0.069)
	Sensitivity	0.812 (0.242)	0.793 (0.210)	0.765 (0.188)	0.757 (0.188)
	Specificity	0.986 (0.044)	0.967 (0.057)	0.959 (0.061)	0.947 (0.070)