TABLE 1.
Comparison of the clinical characteristics between patients with (LAAT+) and without LAAT (LAAT).
| Variable | LAAT- (n = 2,859) | LAAT+ (n = 250) | p a |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 67 [59–73] | 72 [64–78] | <0.001 |
| AF/AFL type | |||
| AF/AFL paroxysmal | 1,247 (44%) | 33 (13%) | <0.001 |
| AF/AFL persistent | 1,365 (48%) | 183 (73%) | <0.001 |
| AF/AFL long-standing persistent | 237 (8%) | 34 (14%) | 0.007 |
| AF chronic | 109 (4%) | 20 (8%) | 0.004 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Heart failure | 1,165 (41%) | 171 (69%) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure with reduced LVEF | 380 (13%) | 96 (39%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 2,171 (76%) | 195 (79%) | 0.393 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 683 (24%) | 91 (37%) | <0.001 |
| Previous stroke | 206 (7.2%) | 29 (12%) | 0.017 |
| TIA | 75 (3%) | 15 (6%) | 0.005 |
| Previous ischemic stroke/TIA/systemic embolism | 278 (9.7%) | 35 (14%) | 0.040 |
| Previous hemorrhagic stroke | 14 (0.5%) | 3 (1.2%) | 0.148 |
| Vascular disease | 949 (33%) | 118 (47%) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 372 (13%) | 59 (28%) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 811 (29%) | 94 (38%) | 0.002 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 149 (5%) | 26 (10%) | <0.001 |
| Moderate to severe mitral stenosis | 12 (0.4%) | 5 (2%) | 0.009 |
| Moderate to severe mitral regurgitation | 442 (15%) | 81 (32%) | <0.001 |
| Moderate to severe aortic stenosis | 47 (1.6%) | 15 (6%) | <0.001 |
| CIED | 341 (12%) | 57 (23%) | <0.001 |
| eGFR < 50 (mL/min) | 82 [64–103] | 74 [51–93] | <0.001 |
| Previous bleeding | 114 (4.0%) | 17 (6.9%) | 0.05 |
| Anemia | 431 (16%) | 53 (23%) | <0.01 |
| Labile INR | 50 (2%) | 23 (9%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 902 (33%) | 109 (46%) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol | 106 (4%) | 23 (9%) | <0.001 |
| Thromboembolic risk and indications to chronic OAC | |||
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 3 [2–4] | 4 [3–5] | 0.010 |
| Antithrombotic therapy | |||
| Chronic OAC therapy | 2,553 (89%) | 200 (80%) | <0.001 |
ap-value refers for the differences between LAAT (+) and LAAT (-) groups.
AF, atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial fibrillation; CIED, cardiac implanted electrical device; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; INR, international normalized ratio; LAAT, left atrial appendage thrombus; MS, mitral stenosis; OAC, an oral anticoagulant. TIA, transient ischemic attack.