Table 4. Gray stego image of boat.

Author	Bits Per Pixels (bpp)	Payload	MSE	PSNR
Liu, Chang & Chien (2017)	1	262,144	0.39	52.12
Muhammad et al. (2015)	1.1	288,358	0.91	48.51
Kuo, Kuo & Wuu (2015)	0.84	222,589	2.13	44.84
Zakaria et al. (2018)	3.28	833,482	3.78	42.35
Yang, Sun & Sun (2009)	2.87	753832	7.81	39.2
Jung & Yoo (2015)	2.97	778,567	10.3	38.38
Hussain et al. (2018)	3.09	810,735	11.24	37.62
Khalind & Aziz (2013)	2.25	589,824	11.61	37.48
Swain (2016)	3.22	846,516	14.03	36.66
Bai et al. (2017)	0.33	87,381	17.66	35.66
Hamza et al. (2021)	3.27	858,580	28.91	33.52
Tseng & Leng (2014)	3.1	812,646	36.81	32.47
Hong, Chang & Li (2020)	1	262,144	41.31	31.97
Proposed technique	1	262,144	2.63	43.92