Table 5. Gray stego image of peppers.

Author	Bits Per Pixels (bpp)	Payload	MSE	PSNR
Liu, Chang & Chien (2017)	1	262,144	0.39	52.12
Muhammad et al. (2015)	0.08	21,845	0.41	51.99
Setiadi & Jumanto (2018)	1.09	285,736	0.97	48.24
Kuo, Kuo & Wuu (2015)	0.8	222,054	2.27	44.57
Mohamed & Mohamed (2016b)	2..25	589,824	2.36	44.4
Yang, Sun & Sun (2009)	2.99	786,016	8.07	39.06
Hussain et al. (2018)	3.09	810,501	9.05	38.56
Swain (2016)	3.11	815,912	9.61	38.33
Liao, Wen & Zhang (2011)	3.07	805,492	10.81	39.79
Jung & Yoo (2015)	2.97	778,567	10.89	38.08
Khalind & Aziz (2013)	2.25	589,824	11.56	37.5
Bai et al. (2017)	3.05	810,024	12.24	37.25
Khodaei, Sadeghi Bigham & Faez (2016)	3.13	822,042	12.59	37.13
Muhammad et al. (2017)	0.33	87,381	21.73	34.76
Tseng & Leng (2014)	3.16	828,375	28.31	33.61
Hamza et al. (2021)	3.26	854,796	29.44	33.44
Hong, Chang & Li (2020)	1	262,144	29.58	33.42
Proposed technique	1	262,144	2.9	43.49