Table 1.
Sample characteristics of mothers, health care providers, health care facilities, and retail outlets, by country (%)a
| Chile (2017) | Ecuador (2017) | Mexico (2016) | Nigeria (2018) | Panama (2019) | Philippines (2021) | Thailand (2018) | Uruguay (2019) | Total | |
| Women | |||||||||
| n = 451 | n = 330 | n = 693 | n = 330 | n = 330 | n = 330 | n = 330 | n = 330 | n = 3124 | |
| Type of health facility (%) | |||||||||
| Private | 0 | 15.2 | 24.2 | 81.8 | 7.9 | 21.2 | 9.0 | 45.5 | 24.5 |
| Publicb | 100 | 84.8 | 75.8 | 18.2 | 89.4 | 78.8 | 91.0 | 54.5 | 75.3 |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 2.7c | - | - | - | 0.2 |
| Age (years) (Mean ± SD) | 28.0 ± 6.0 | 27.1 | 25.7 ± 6.4 | - | - | - | - | - | 26.9 |
| Age of child (%) | |||||||||
| < 6 months | 62.3 | 50.3 | 51.5 | 50.9 | 51.8 | 50 | 34.8 | 45.2 | 50.3 |
| 6–23 months | 37.7 | 49.7 | 48.4 | 49.1 | 48.2 | 50 | 65.2 | 54.8 | 49.7 |
| Education (%) | |||||||||
| None | - | 0.6 | 0.8 | - | 0.6 | - | - | 0 | 0.6 |
| Elementary school | - | 16.3d | 21.3 | - | 6.4 | - | - | 19.0d | 18.1 |
| Middle school | - | 20.3 | 41.0 | - | 20.1 | - | - | 35.0 | 33.0 |
| High school or technician | - | 43.3 | 26.8 | - | 41.6 | - | - | 26.0 | 31.8 |
| Professional or more | - | 19.4 | 9.8 | - | 31.3 | - | - | 20.0 | 16.5 |
| Health care providers | |||||||||
| n = 164 | n = 66 | n = 48 | n = 98 | n = 107 | n = 126 | n = 99 | n = 154 | n = 862 | |
| Type (%) | |||||||||
| Physician | 25.0 | 62.0 | 62.5 | 9.2 | 32.7 | 19.8 | 2.0 | 25.0 | 25.8 |
| Nurse | 25.0 | 18.2 | 22.9 | 52.0 | 32.7 | 30.2 | 77.8 | 38.0 | 37.6 |
| Obstetrician | 23.8e | 7.6 | - | 6.1e | - | 40.5e | - | 20.0 | 15.2 |
| Otherf | 26.2 | 12.1 | 14.5 | 32.7 | 34.6 | 9.5 | 20.2 | 17.0 | 21.4 |
| Health care facilities | |||||||||
| n = 39 | n = 33 | n = 48 | n = 33 | n = 35 | n = 43 | n = 33 | n = 33 | n = 297 | |
| Sector (%) | |||||||||
| Private | 0.0 | 15.2 | 39.6 | 81.8 | 5.7 | 39.5 | 9.1 | 45.5 | 29.6 |
| Public | 100 | 84.8 | 60.4 | 18.2 | 94.3 | 60.5 | 90.9 | 54.5 | 70.4 |
| Type (%) | |||||||||
| Primary health center | 89.7 | 69.6 | 66.6 | 100 | 77.1 | 76.7 | 84.8 | 100 | 82.2 |
| Doctor´s office | - | - | 4.2 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.7 |
| Maternity facility/Hospital | 10.3 | 30.3 | 29.1 | - | 22.9 | 23.3 | 15.2 | - | 17.1 |
| Retail outlets | |||||||||
| n = 80 | n = 44 | n = 51 | n = 43 | n = 41 | n = 43 | n = 43 | n = 44 | n = 389 | |
| Type (%) | |||||||||
| Supermarkets | 12.5 g | 11.4 | 54.9 | 23.3 | 24.4 g | 23.3 | 23.3 | 13.6 | 22.9 |
| Convenience and corner storesh | 36.2 | - | 13.8 | 76.7 | 75.6 | 76.7 | 76.7 | - | 42.7 |
| Pharmaciesi | 51.3 | 88.6 | 31.3 | - | - | - | - | 79.5 | 33.7 |
| Department stores | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.8 | 0.7 |
aIn parentheses, the year when the study was conducted
bIncludes maternity health facilities and public primary health facilities
cNot specified
dIncludes incomplete or complete elementary school
eIncludes midwives
fNutritionist, administrative personnel, department head, director or sub-director of the health facility, and dentist
gIncludes all large establishments
hConvenience store refers to small-medium establishments that sell food products and can be franchises or chain, and corner store refers to local owners, and their establishments are smaller than convenience stores
iThe reports from Nigeria, the Philippines, and Thailand did not differentiate between convenience stores and pharmacies; therefore, the results are included in the data for convenience and corner stores