Table 4.
Comorbidities
| Variable, n (%) | Migraine patients (n = 26,545) | Non-migraine controls* (n = 53,090) | P† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Psychiatric disorders | |||
| Anxiety | 956 (3.6%) | 1009 (1.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 849 (3.2%) | 584 (1.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 8335 (31.4%) | 20,280 (38.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 7459 (28.1%) | 13,538 (25.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Essential hypertension | 5362 (20.2%) | 6318 (11.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2708 (10.2%) | 7433 (14.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-diabetes | 1141 (4.3%) | 3026 (5.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Pain disorders | |||
| Fibromyalgia | 1752 (6.6%) | 2124 (4.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Low back pain | 2734 (10.3%) | 4778 (9.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Disc lesions | 1274 (4.8%) | 2071 (3.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Other | |||
| Hypothyroidism | 2071 (7.8%) | 4300 (8.1%) | 0.249 |
| Vitamin D deficiency | 1858 (7.0%) | 3769 (7.1%) | 0.616 |
| Asthma | 1832 (6.9%) | 3238 (6.1%) | 0.238 |
| Fatty liver | 1566 (5.9%) | 2973 (5.6%) | 0.223 |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency | 1646 (6.2%) | 3292 (6.2%) | 0.912 |
| Osteoporosis | 1566 (5.9%) | 3026 (5.7%) | 0.430 |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 903 (3.4%) | 2283 (4.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Annual mortality (2018) | 70 (0.3%) | 186 (0.4%) | 0.717 |
BMI body mass index
*The non-migraine control group is matched to the migraine group based on gender, mean age (± 5 years), and primary clinic
†Chi-square test for categorical variables/t test for normally distributed variables