Table 2.
Associations of housework participation with prefrailty/frailty at follow up
| Total a | Men b | Women b | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed, N |
Prefrailty/ frailty, N (%) | OR (95%CI) | p value | Exposed, N |
Prefrailty/ frailty, N (%) | OR (95%CI) | p value | Exposed, N | Prefrailty/ frailty N (%) | OR (95%CI) | p value | ||
| Light housework (cut-off ≥420 min/week) | |||||||||||||
| All ages | Low at BL & FU | 746 | 292 (39.1) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 469 | 167 (35.6) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 277 | 125 (45.1) | 1 (Ref) | NA |
| High at BL or FU only | 1308 | 450 (34.4) | 0.74 (0.56-0.97) | 0.031* | 486 | 126 (25.9) | 0.63 (0.38-1.04) | 0.067 | 822 | 324 (39.4) | 0.83 (0.52-1.33) | 0.425 | |
| High at BL & FU | 942 | 324 (34.4) | 0.66 (0.42-1.05) | 0.072 | 166 | 48 (28.9) | 0.67 (0.38-1.19) | 0.166 | 776 | 276 (35.6) | 0.70 (0.41-1.19) | 0.172 | |
| Linear trend | 0.086 | 0.093 | 0.163 | ||||||||||
| <65 years c | Low at BL & FU | 315 | 63 (20.0) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 192 | 36 (18.8) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 123 | 27 (22.0) | 1 (Ref) | NA |
| High at BL or FU only | 602 | 123 (20.4) | 0.74 (0.38-1.44) | 0.343 | 192 | 36 (18.8) | 0.72 (0.28-1.87) | 0.475 | 410 | 87 (21.2) | 0.81 (0.40-1.64) | 0.538 | |
| High at BL & FU | 414 | 78 (18.8) | 0.62 (0.28-1.38) | 0.215 | 50 | 3 (6.0) | 0.43 (0.07-2.77) | 0.347 | 364 | 75 (20.6) | 0.69 (0.31-1.56) | 0.355 | |
| Linear trend | 0.226 | 0.303 | 0.357 | ||||||||||
| ≥65 years c | Low at BL & FU | 431 | 229 (53.1) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 277 | 131 (47.3) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 154 | 98 (63.6) | 1 (Ref) | NA |
| High at BL or FU only | 706 | 327 (46.3) | 0.70 (0.52-0.94) | 0.017* | 294 | 90 (30.6) | 0.60 (0.32-1.10) | 0.091 | 412 | 237 (57.5) | 0.79 (0.47-1.30) | 0.345 | |
| High at BL & FU | 528 | 246 (46.6) | 0.61 (0.40-0.94) | 0.028* | 116 | 45 (38.8) | 0.67 (0.35-1.30) | 0.226 | 412 | 201 (48.8) | 0.63 (0.39-1.03) | 0.064 | |
| Linear trend | 0.037* | 0.086 | 0.072 | ||||||||||
| Heavy housework (cut-off >0 min/week) | |||||||||||||
| All ages | Low at BL & FU | 1144 | 481 (42.0) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 469 | 171 (36.5) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 675 | 310 (45.9) | 1 (Ref) | NA |
| High at BL or FU only | 1300 | 463 (35.6) | 0.75 (0.55-1.00) | 0.053 | 470 | 132 (28.1) | 0.67 (0.46-0.98) | 0.041* | 830 | 331 (39.9) | 0.80 (0.52-1.21) | 0.264 | |
| High at BL & FU | 578 | 176 (30.4) | 0.60 (0.41-0.89) | 0.013* | 182 | 42 (23.1) | 0.40 (0.20-0.81) | 0.014* | 396 | 134 (33.8) | 0.72 (0.43-1.20) | 0.192 | |
| Linear trend | 0.009* | 0.002* | 0.164 | ||||||||||
| <65 years c | Low at BL & FU | 465 | 111 (23.9) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 186 | 41 (22.0) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 279 | 70 (25.1) | 1 (Ref) | NA |
| High at BL or FU only | 594 | 132 (22.2) | 0.65 (0.40-1.08) | 0.093 | 174 | 31 (17.8) | 0.64 (0.28-1.46) | 0.281 | 420 | 101 (24.0) | 0.65 (0.36-1.17) | 0.143 | |
| High at BL & FU | 280 | 47 (16.8) | 0.56 (0.34-0.93) | 0.026* | 73 | 10 (13.7) | 0.50 (0.12-2.02) | 0.309 | 207 | 37 (17.9) | 0.57 (0.28-1.16) | 0.114 | |
| Linear trend | 0.011* | 0.187 | 0.092 | ||||||||||
| ≥65 years c | Low at BL & FU | 679 | 370 (54.5) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 283 | 130 (45.9) | 1 (Ref) | NA | 396 | 240 (60.6) | 1 (Ref) | NA |
| High at BL or FU only | 706 | 331 (46.9) | 0.73 (0.51-1.05) | 0.085 | 296 | 101 (34.1) | 0.61 (0.35-1.06) | 0.076 | 410 | 230 (56.1) | 0.81 (0.46-1.40) | 0.41 | |
| High at BL & FU | 298 | 129 (43.3) | 0.56 (0.34-0.90) | 0.020* | 109 | 32 (29.4) | 0.31 (0.13-0.72) | 0.009* | 189 | 97 (51.3) | 0.74 (0.37-1.50) | 0.376 | |
| Linear trend | 0.013* | 0.001* | 0.328 | ||||||||||
a Adjusted for baseline prefrailty/frailty status, age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (housing type), education, brisk walking and sports activities at baseline, nutritional risk, smoking, alcohol, marital status
b Adjusted for baseline prefrailty/frailty status, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (housing type), education, brisk walking and sports activities at baseline, nutritional risk, smoking, alcohol, marital status
c Age was excluded from model adjustments
BL Baseline, FU Follow-up, Ref Reference odds ratio of 1.00, OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval
*Statistically significant at p<0.05