Table 3.
GRADE assessment for all the outcomes
| Outcomes (No. of studies) | Certainty assessment | No. of patients | MD (95% CI) or OR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Certainty | |||
| Operative time (8) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Seriousb | None | Low | 2763 | 33.22 [24.32, 42.11] |
| Blood loss (8) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Seriousb | None | Low | 2763 | − 28.56 [− 40.29, − 16.83] |
| Retrieved lymph nodes (7) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 2480 | 3.46 [2.94, 3.98] |
| Time to first flatus (6) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 2199 | − 0.08 [− 0.13, − 0.02] |
| Time to first liquid intake (5) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 2481 | − 0.13 [− 0.22, − 0.05] |
| Time to start soft diet (4) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 1246 | − 0.04 [− 0.31, 0.23] |
| Hospital stays (8) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 2763 | − 0.21 [− 0.44, 0.01] |
| Overall complications (8) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 2763 | 0.84 [0.68, 1.04] |
| Complications I–II (7) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 2631 | 0.91 [0.71, 1.18] |
| Complications ≥ III (7) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 2631 | 0.70 [0.48, 1.03] |
| Anastomotic leakage (5) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 2449 | 0.73 [0.29, 1.81] |
| Bleeding (5) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 2429 | 0.89 [0.46, 1.74] |
| Intra-abdominal bleeding (3) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 1885 | 0.54 [0.20, 1.48] |
| Intraluminal bleeding (3) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Seriousb | None | Low | 1682 | 0.84 [0.27, 2.64] |
| Ileus (5) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 2429 | 0.85 [0.39, 1.88] |
| Abdominal infection (4) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 1985 | 0.91 [0.38, 2.15] |
| Delayed gastric emptying (4) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 1033 | 0.55 [0.18, 1.66] |
| Wound complications (5) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Seriousb | None | Low | 2429 | 1.53 [0.77, 3.05] |
| Pneumonia (5) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 2065 | 0.66 [0.41, 1.05] |
| Cardiac complications (4) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Seriousb | None | Low | 1965 | 1.81 [0.60, 5.43] |
| Urinary infection (4) | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | Moderate | 1965 | 0.85 [0.27, 2.65] |
aThere may be implementation bias and measurement bias
bWide range of 95% confidence intervals were identified