Table 5.
Correlates of decreased, increased adherence and always adhering to government-mandated health-protective behaviours (regularly washing hands, wearing masks indoors, maintaining the recommended physical distance from others) in relation to never adhering, N = 1622
| Decrease adherence | Increase adherence | Always adhering | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % [95% CI) | aOR [95% CI] | % [95% CI) | aOR [95% CI] | % [95% CI) | aOR [95% CI] | |
| Sex: Other | 25.42 [21.51–29.33] | 1 (ref.) | 16.88 [13.51–20.24] | 1 (ref.) | 32.92 [28.70–37.14] | 1 (ref.) |
| Female | 24.78 [22.27–27.29] | 1.18 [0.76–1.84] | 15.15 [13.07–17.23] | 1.51 [1.01–2.26] | 41.94 [39.08–44.81] | 2.07*** [0.44–3.03] |
| Ethnicity: other | 19.18 [9.93–28.43] | 1 (ref.) | 16.44 [7.73–25.15] | 1 (ref.) | 42.47 [30.85–54.08] | 1 (ref.) |
| White | 25.24 [23.08–27.41] | 1.07 [0.34–3.38] | 15.62 [13.81–17.43] | 0.83 [0.43–1.61] | 32.12 [36.69–41.56] | 0.70 [0.28–1.77] |
| Post 16 qualification: yes | 24.91 [22.67–27.15] | 1 (ref.) | 16.40 [14.48–18.32] | 1 (ref.) | 38.31 [35.79–40.83] | 1 (ref.) |
| No | 25.40 [19.13–31.66] | 0.73 [0.32–1.66] | 10.05 [5.73–14.38] | 0.50 [0.24–1.04] | 46.56 [39.38–53.74] | 1.47 [0.82–2.61] |
| Country of residence: England | 23.14 [20.92–25.35] | 1 (ref.) | 16.40 [14.46–18.35] | 1 (ref.) | 40.40 [37.825–42.98] | 1 (ref.) |
| Other | 36.28 [29.97–42.60] | 0.39** [0.18–0.83] | 11.06 [6.94–15.18] | 1.45 [0.87–2.43] | 32.30 [26.16–38.44] | 0.66 [0.39–1.10] |
| Being a key worker: yes | 27.51 [22.99–32.04] | 1 (ref.) | 15.08 [11.46–18.70] | 1 (ref.) | 35.98 [31.12–40.84] | 1 (ref.) |
| No | 24.20 [21.81–26.58] | 1.15 [0.70–1.90] | 15.84 [13.80–17.87] | 1.13 [0.72–1.78] | 40.27 [37.54–43.00] | 1.11 [0.73–1.69] |
| Living alone: no | 24.61 [22.30–26.92] | 1 (ref.) | 16.18 [14.21–18.16] | 1 (ref.) | 39.67 [37.05–42.29] | 1 (ref.) |
| Yes | 26.69 [21.49–31.89] | 0.97 [0.52–1.81] | 13.17 [9.19–17.15] | 1.04 [0.60–1.79] | 37.37 [31.68–43.06] | 1.05 [0.64–1.74] |
| Living with vulnerable people: Yes | 25.90 [20.44–31.35] | 1 (ref.) | 9.96 [6.23–13.69] | 1 (ref.) | 48.21 [41.98–54.43] | 1 (ref.) |
| No | 24.80 [22.51–27.09] | 1.44 [0.74–2.82] | 16.70 [14.73–18.68] | 0.83 [0.48–1.43] | 37.64 [35.07–40.20] | 0.70 [0.43–1.14] |
| Income: ≥ £50,000 | 22.87 [19.35–26.39] | 1 (ref.) | 19.42 [16.11–22.73] | 1 (ref.) | 37.93 [33.87–42.00] | 1 (ref.) |
| < £50,000 | 25.21 [22.43–27.99] | 0.65 [0.41–1.03] | 14.04 [11.82–16.27] | 0.97 [0.62–1.50] | 39.47 [36.34–42.60] | 0.87 [0.59–1.30 |
| Prefer not to say | 32.06 [23.96–40.16 | 0.46 [0.16–1.33] | 11.45 [5.93–16.98] | 2.11 [0.97–4.57] | 43.51 [34.91–52.11] | 1.28 [0.61–2.69] |
| Smoking status: smoker | 28.57 [22.30–34.84] | 1 (ref.) | 11.82 [7.34–16.30] | 1 (ref.) | 36.45 [29.78–43.13] | 1 (ref.) |
| Non-smoker | 24.45 [22.21–26.69] | 0.97 [0.48–1.98] | 16.21 [14.29–18.13] | 0.81 [0.44–1.49] | 39.68 [37.13–42.22] | 1.19 [0.66–2.17] |
| BMI: other | 21.72 [18.63–24.81] | 1 (ref.) | 16.33 [13.55–19.10] | 1 (ref.) | 39.21 [35.55–42.88] | 1 (ref.) |
| Obese/ Overweight | 26.71 [23.65–29.77] | 1.69* [1.09–2.63] | 15.53 [13.02–18.04] | 1.68** [1.13–2.49] | 39.88 [36.49–43.27] | 1.31 [0.92–1.87] |
| Health problems: Yes | 24.56 [21.32–27.80] | 1 (ref.) | 13.09 [10.55–15.63] | 1 (ref.) | 44.85 [41.11–48.60] | 1 (ref.) |
| No | 25.03 [22.23–27.82] | 0.96 [0.60–1.54] | 17.48 [15.03–19.92] | 0.86 [0.57–1.30] | 35.17 [32.09–38.25] | 0.69 [0.48–1.01] |
| Perceived high risk of COVID-19: yes | 21.10 [16.66–25.55] | 1 (ref.) | 12.23 [8.66–15.80] | 1 (ref.) | 51.99 [46.54–57.43] | 1 (ref.) |
| No | 25.95 [23.56–28.34] | 0.77 [0.41–1.44] | 16.53 [14.50–18.55] | 1.04 [0.59–1.84] | 36.06 [33.44–38.68] | 0.61 [0.37–1.01] |
| Diagnosed/ suspected COVID-19: yes | 28.26 [22.92–33.61] | 1 (ref.) | 14.13 [10.00–18.27] | 1 (ref.) | 34.42 [28.78–40.06] | 1 (ref.) |
| No | 24.29 [22.00–26.59] | 1.23 [0.69–2.17] | 15.97 [14.01–17.93] | 0.94 [0.57–1.54] | 40.27 [37.64–42.89] | 1.16 [0.73–1.85] |
| M (SD) | aOR [95% CI] | M (SD) | aOR [95% CI] | M (SD) | aOR [95% CI] | |
| Age (cont.) | 50.57 (14.37) | 0.91 [0.78–1.07] | 48.70 (15.26) | 1.01 [0.86–1.16] | 54.44 (12.60) | 1.16* [1.02–1.33] |
| Quality of life | 3.77 (0.73) | 1.03 [0.79–1.35] | 3.61 (0.84) | 1.48** [1.16–1.90] | 3.58 (0.76) | 0.99 [1.06–1.25] |
| Experience of social distancing | 48.94 (21.6) | 0.95 [0.86–1.05] | 46.54 (21.74) | 1.06 [0.97–1.16] | 54.86 (21.81) | 1.15** [1.06–1.25] |
Reference category: never adhering, age presented in decades, quality of life presented in tens
CI Confidence interval, aOR adjusted odds ratio, M Mean, SD Standard deviation
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001