Table 5.
Risk of neonatal and post-neonatal infant mortality and of child stunting and wasting at 18 months of age according to gestational age and weight at birth categoriesa
| Birth outcome | Neonatal mortality |
Post-neonatal infant mortality |
Child stunting at 18 months |
Child wasting at 18 months |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N | (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | n/N | (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | n/N | % (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | n/N | % (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |
| Term | 37/3001 | 12.3 (9.0, 17.0) | 1.0 | 30/2964 | 10.0 (7.2, 14.1) | 1.0 | 837/2878 | 29.1 (27.4, 30.8) | 1.0 | 81/2865 | 2.8 (2.3, 3.5) | 1.0 |
| Preterm | 50/666 | 75.1 (57.6, 97.2) | 6.1 (4.0, 9.2) | 13/616 | 22.7 (13.4, 38.4) | 2.1 (1.1, 4.1) | 261/583 | 44.8 (40.8, 48.8) | 1.5 (1.4, 1.7) | 17/578 | 2.9 (1.9, 4.6) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) |
| ≥2500 g | 44/3333 | 13.2 (9.9, 17.5) | 1.0 | 34/3289 | 10.6 (7.6, 14.8) | 1.0 | 938/3183 | 29.4 (27.9, 31.1) | 1.0 | 83/3165 | 2.6 (2.1, 3.2) | 1.0 |
| <2500 g | 43/334 | 128.7 (96.7, 169.4) | 9.8 (6.5, 14.6) | 9/291 | 30.9 (16.0, 58.8) | 3.3 (1.6, 7.0) | 160/278 | 57.6 (51.6, 63.3) | 2.0 (1.7, 2.2) | 15/278 | 5.4 (3.3, 8.7) | 2.1 (1.2, 3.5) |
| AGA | 71/3076 | 23.1 (18.3, 29.1) | 1.0 | 34/3005 | 11.6 (8.4, 16.1) | 1.0 | 831/2908 | 28.6 (26.9, 30.3) | 1.0 | 69/2892 | 2.4 (1.9, 3.0) | 1.0 |
| SGA | 16/591 | 27.1 (16.7, 43.5) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | 9/575 | 15.6 (8.3, 29.4) | 1.5 (0.7, 3.2) | 267/553 | 48.3 (44.2, 52.3) | 1.7 (1.5, 1.9) | 29/551 | 5.3 (3.7, 7.4) | 2.2 (1.4, 3.4) |
| Term NBW | 31/2851 | 10.9 (7.7, 15.3) | 1.0 | 26/2820 | 9.2 (6.2, 13.8) | 1.0 | 763/2739 | 27.9 (26.1, 29.6) | 1.0 | 73/2726 | 2.7 (2.1, 3.4) | 1.0 |
| Preterm NBW | 13/482 | 27.0 (16.0, 45.1) | 2.5 (1.3, 4.7) | 9/469 | 19.2 (9.9, 36.8) | 1.8 (0.8, 4.1) | 175/444 | 39.4 (35.0, 44.0) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) | 10/439 | 2.3 (1.2, 4.2) | 0.9 (0.4, 1.6) |
| Term LBW | 6/150 | 40.0 (18.1, 86.2) | 3.7 (1.6, 8.7) | 4/144 | 27.8 (10.6, 70.8) | 3.3 (1.1, 9.5) | 74/139 | 53.2 (44.9, 61.4) | 1.9 (1.6, 2.2) | 8/139 | 5.8 (2.9, 11.1) | 2.1 (1.1, 4.4) |
| Preterm LBW | 37/184 | 201.1 (148.2, 266.9) | 18.5 (11.8, 29.1) | 5/147 | 34.0 (14.6, 77.3) | 4.1 (1.5, 10.7) | 86/139 | 61.9 (53.9, 69.3) | 2.2 (1.9, 2.6) | 7/139 | 5.0 (2.4, 10.2) | 1.9 (0.9, 4.0) |
| Term LBW | 6/150 | 40.0 (18.1, 86.2) | 1.0 | 4/144 | 27.8 (10.6, 70.8) | 1.0 | 74/139 | 53.2 (44.9, 61.4) | 1.0 | 8/139 | 5.8 (2.9, 11.1) | 1.0 |
| Preterm LBW | 37/184 | 201.1 (148.2, 266.9) | 5.0 (2.2, 11.6) | 5/147 | 34.0 (14.6, 77.3) | 1.2 (0.3, 4.6) | 86/139 | 61.9 (53.9, 69.3) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | 7/139 | 5.0 (2.4, 10.2) | 0.9 (0.3, 2.3) |
| Preterm NBW | 13/482 | 27.0 (16.0, 45.1) | 1.0 | 9/469 | 19.2 (9.9, 36.8) | 1.0 | 175/444 | 39.4 (35.0, 44.0) | 1.0 | 10/439 | 2.3 (1.2, 4.2) | 1.0 |
| Preterm LBW | 37/184 | 201.1 (148.2, 266.9) | 7.5 (4.1, 13.7) | 5/147 | 34.0 (14.6, 77.3) | 2.3 (0.7, 7.2) | 86/139 | 61.9 (53.9, 69.3) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 7/139 | 5.0 (2.4, 10.2) | 2.2 (0.9, 5.7) |
| AGA Term | 26/2453 | 10.6 (7.1, 15.7) | 1.0 | 21/2427 | 8.7 (5.6, 13.4) | 1.0 | 595/2363 | 25.2 (23.5, 27.0) | 1.0 | 56/2352 | 2.4 (1.8, 3.1) | 1.0 |
| SGA Term | 11/548 | 20.1 (11.3, 35.4) | 1.9 (0.9, 3.8) | 9/537 | 16.8 (8.6, 32.5) | 2.1 (1.0, 4.7) | 242/515 | 47.0 (42.6, 51.4) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) | 25/513 | 4.9 (3.3, 7.1) | 2.0 (1.3, 3.2) |
| AGA Preterm | 45/623 | 72.2 (54.6, 94.9) | 6.8 (4.2, 11.0) | 14/578 | 24.2 (14.4, 40.4) | 2.7 (1.3, 5.5) | 236/545 | 43.3 (39.1, 47.5) | 1.7 (1.5, 1.9) | 13/540 | 2.4 (1.4, 4.1) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8) |
| SGA Preterm | 5/43 | 116.3 (48.9, 251.2) | 11.0 (4.4, 27.2) | 0/38 | – | – | 25/38 | 65.8 (49.7, 78.9) | 2.6 (2.1, 3.3) | 4/38 | 10.5 (4.2, 23.9) | 4.4 (1.7, 11.6) |
a
RR, risk ratio; HR, hazard ratio; SGA, small for gestational age defined as <10th centile weight for gestational age using Intergrowth Fetal Growth Standards; AGA, appropriate for gestational age; LBW, low birthweight defined as weight <2500 g at birth; NBW, normal birthweight.