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. 2022 Nov 30;13:1016879. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1016879

Table 2.

Clinical characteristics of participants.

Demographics All patients (N = 332) Patients with ADA (n = 59) Patients without ADA (n = 273) Chi-square value/t-value
Number of men 141 (100%) 12 (8.51%) 129 (91.49%) 14.38**
Mean age (SD) 34.35 (±12.92) 27.73 (±7.15) 35.78 (±13.45) 6.51**
Primary diagnosis, n
Autism spectrum disorder 3 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 3 (100%) 0.65
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 14 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 14 (100%) 3.16
Delusional disorder 1 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 1 (100%) 0.22
Schizophrenia 3 (100%) 1 (33.33%) 2 (66.67%) 0.50
Bipolar disorder 6 (100%) 1 (16.67%) 5 (83.33%) 0.01
Major depressive disorder 80 (100%) 20 (25.00%) 60 (75.00%) 3.77
Major depressive disorder with atypical features 19 (100%) 17 (89.47%) 2 (10.53%) 70.91**
Major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern 2 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 2 (100%) 0.44
Persistent depressive disorder 2 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 2 (100%) 0.44
Specific phobia 8 (100%) 1 (12.50%) 7 (87.50%) 0.16
Social anxiety disorder 37 (100%) 5 (13.51%) 32 (86.49%) 0.52
Panic disorder 29 (100%) 4 (13.79%) 25 (86.21%) 0.34
Agoraphobia 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 4.64
Panic disorder with agoraphobia 18 (100%) 3 (16.67%) 15 (83.33%) 0.02
Generalized anxiety disorder 4 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 4 (100%) 0.88
Obsessive–compulsive disorder 18 (100%) 2 (11.11%) 16 (88.89%) 0.58
Post-traumatic stress disorder 3 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 3 (100%) 0.65
Acute stress disorder 1 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 1 (100%) 0.22
Adjustment disorder 17 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 17 (100%) 3.87
Insomnia disorder 15 (100%) 1 (6.67%) 14 (93.33%) 1.33
Narcolepsy 1 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 1 (100%) 0.22
Unspecified personality disorder 1 (100%) 0 (0.00%) 1 (100%) 0.22
Depressive state 14 (100%) 2 (14.29%) 12 (85.71%) 0.12
Other (unspecified or other symptoms) 35 (100%) 1 (2.86%) 34 (97.14%) 5.96*
Descriptive statistics
Interpersonal sensitivity measure 77.52 (±14.08) 86.27 (±10.73) 75.63 (±14.02) −6.41**
Ruminative responses scale 53.52 (±15.65) 63.46 (±11.96) 51.38 (±15.54) −6.64**
Quick inventory of depressive symptomatology 11.97 (±5.80) 16.08 (±4.58) 11.08 (±5.65) −6.37**
Liebowitz social anxiety scale 48.73 (±35.23) 68.49 (±34.32) 44.46 (±34.00) −4.91**

ADA, anxious-depressive attack; SD, standard deviation; Includes patients with ADA; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.