Table 3.
Subjective GERD: Impact of Baseline Demographic, Clinical, and Physiological Characteristics
| Variable | Subjective GERD (n=71) | No subjective GERD (n=112) |
Odds ratio (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | 2.264 (1.234-4.155) | 0.0083* | ||
| Male | 28 (39.4) | 67 (59.8) | ||
| Female | 43 (60.6) | 45 (40.2) | ||
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 55.9 ± 15.4 | 59.6 ± 19.4 | 0.989 (0.973-1.006) | 0.1899 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 29.1 ± 6.7 | 28.5 ± 7.0 | 1.012 (0.969-1.056) | 0.5944 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), n (%) | 30 (42.2) | 38 (33.9) | 1.422 (0.771-2.622) | 0.2594 |
| Duration of symptoms, y, mean ± SD | 6.4 ± 4.9 | 5.6 ± 4.5 | 1.033 (0.969-1.100) | 0.3187 |
| PPI usage, n (%) | 17 (58.6) | 12 (41.4) | 2.582 (1.150-5.798) | 0.0216* |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Type 1 | 7 (9.9) | 6 (5.4) | - | - |
| Type 2 | 40 (56.3) | 70 (62.5) | 0.498 (0.157-1.583) | 0.2375 |
| Type 3 | 9 (12.7) | 11 (9.8) | 0.716 (0.176-2.907) | 0.6402 |
| EGJOO | 8 (11.3) | 12 (10.7) | 0.589 (0.144-2.411) | 0.4620 |
| Jackhammer | 7 (9.9) | 11 (9.8) | 0.565 (0.134-2.392) | 0.4383 |
| DES | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.8) | 0.173 (0.004-8.355) | 0.3753 |
| Eckardt score | ||||
| Weight loss, mean ± SD | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 0.923 (0.680-1.253) | 0.6075 |
| Dysphagia, mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 1.131 (0.753-1.700) | 0.5522 |
| Chest pain, mean ± SD | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.249 (0.895-1.743) | 0.1910 |
| Regurgitation, mean ± SD | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 1.116 (0.754-1.651) | 0.5840 |
| Total score, mean ± SD | 7.4 ± 1.8 | 7.1 ± 1.9 | 1.079 (0.918-1.268) | 0.3544 |
| GERD-HRQL, n (%)† | ||||
| Heartburn >3 | 8 (22.9) | 12 (20.3) | 1.175 (0.428-3.226) | 0.7549 |
| Difficulty swallowing >3 | 26 (74.3) | 44 (74.6) | 0.972 (0.374-2.528) | 0.9530 |
| Regurgitation >3 | 7 (20.0) | 28 (47.5) | 0.291 (0.111-0.762) | 0.0119* |
| Endoscopic feature, n (%) | ||||
| Esophageal tortuosity | 6 (8.5) | 10 (8.9) | 0.969 (0.337-2.783) | 0.9531 |
| Esophageal dilation | 26 (36.6) | 59 (52.7) | 1.910 (1.040-3.508) | 0.0371* |
| Manometric feature | ||||
| LES total length, cm, mean ± SD | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 0.848 (0.594-1.211) | 0.3645 |
| LES intraabdominal length, cm, mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 0.982 (0.716-1.347) | 0.9100 |
| Mean LES resting pressure, mmHg, mean ± SD | 45.9 ± 17.3 | 46.1 ± 19.1 | 1.000 (0.983-1.016) | 0.9532 |
| LES resting pressure mean mmHg >45, n (%) | 33 (46.5) | 56 (50.0) | 0.870 (0.480-1.578) | 0.6469 |
| Mean LES residual pressure, mmHg, mean ± SD | 28.3 ± 11.9 | 27.9 ± 12.8 | 1.002 (0.978-1.026) | 0.8576 |
| Percent incomplete bolus clearance, mean ± SD | 87.6 ± 29.7 | 90.0 ± 25.7 | 0.997 (0.986-1.008) | 0.5539 |
| Percent panesophageal pressurization, mean ± SD | 59.6 ± 43.6 | 65.7 ± 43.2 | 0.997 (0.990-1.004) | 0.3521 |
*
Statistically significant.
†
Only clinically relevant items were included.
EGJOO, esophagogastric junctional outflow obstruction; HRQL, health-related quality of life; LES, lower esophageal sphincter; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.