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Cytotoxicity of P. aeruginosa strains CHA, CHA-D1, and CHA-D1(pDD2) toward J774 macrophages (A), B lymphocytes (B), and HeLa cells (C). The percent cytotoxicity was calculated from the release of LDH activity. Data are the means of at least three experiments. (D) J774 macrophages were infected with strain CHA or CHA-D1 (MOI, 10) and examined for morphological alterations by phase-contrast microscopy after 1 h.
