Table 4b.
Unadjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis to assess associations between experiences of discrimination and recent depression/anxiety symptoms among a state representative sample of California adults in March 2021 (N = 2114).*
Mild |
Moderate |
Severe |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RRR |
p-value |
95% CI |
RRR |
p-value |
95% CI |
RRR |
p-value |
95% CI |
||||
Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||||
Everyday Discrimination | ||||||||||||
None | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Single Form | 2.39 | <0.001 | 1.55 | 3.69 | 3.82 | <0.001 | 2.23 | 6.53 | 2.44 | 0.02 | 1.15 | 5.16 |
Multiple Forms | 3.47 | <0.001 | 2.11 | 5.71 | 2.96 | 0.001 | 1.59 | 5.48 | 8.58 | <0.001 | 4.49 | 16.39 |
Major experiences of race-based discrimination | ||||||||||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.27 | 0.31 | 0.80 | 2.03 | 0.67 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 1.48 | 2.41 | 0.02 | 1.18 | 4.90 |
Major experience of non-race-based discrimination | ||||||||||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 2.03 | <0.001 | 1.46 | 2.82 | 2.64 | <0.001 | 1.71 | 4.07 | 2.13 | 0.007 | 1.23 | 3.68 |
Policing in Past Year | ||||||||||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 2.38 | <0.001 | 1.54 | 3.69 | 2.85 | <0.001 | 1.67 | 4.86 | 3.28 | <0.001 | 1.78 | 6.04 |
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Female | 1.28 | 0.19 | 0.96 | 1.71 | 1.35 | 0.15 | 0.90 | 2.02 | 2.34 | 0.001 | 1.39 | 3.95 |
Race | ||||||||||||
White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Black | 1.19 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 2.32 | 1.27 | 0.64 | 0.46 | 3.49 | 1.36 | 0.57 | 0.47 | 3.91 |
Asian | 1.52 | 0.07 | 0.97 | 2.38 | 1.29 | 0.46 | 0.66 | 2.51 | 0.55 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 1.86 |
Hispanic | 1.35 | 0.10 | 0.95 | 1.92 | 1.98 | 0.004 | 1.25 | 3.14 | 1.99 | 0.01 | 1.15 | 3.47 |
Other/multiple races | 2.05 | 0.01 | 1.16 | 3.64 | 1.45 | 0.37 | 0.65 | 3.22 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.25 | 3.38 |
Age | ||||||||||||
Continuous | 0.98 | <0.001 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.97 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.93 | <0.001 | 0.91 | 0.95 |
Income Quintile | ||||||||||||
Lowest | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Second Lowest | 0.66 | 0.09 | 0.41 | 1.06 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 0.26 | 0.87 | 0.47 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.94 |
Middle | 0.79 | 0.33 | 0.49 | 1.27 | 0.55 | 0.06 | 0.30 | 1.03 | 0.20 | 0.001 | 0.08 | 0.50 |
Second Highest | 0.86 | 0.50 | 0.55 | 1.34 | 0.36 | 0.001 | 0.19 | 0.67 | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.12 | 0.52 |
Highest | 0.77 | 0.22 | 0.50 | 1.17 | 0.38 | 0.002 | 0.20 | 0.69 | 0.18 | <0.001 | 0.08 | 0.37 |
Sexual Identity | ||||||||||||
Heterosexual | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual/Other | 2.62 | <0.001 | 1.64 | 4.20 | 1.63 | 0.11 | 0.89 | 2.96 | 5.73 | <0.001 | 3.04 | 10.80 |
Disability | ||||||||||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 3.63 | <0.001 | 2.62 | 5.02 | 5.80 | <0.001 | 3.77 | 8.91 | 12.68 | <0.001 | 7.19 | 22.34 |
*Reference is normal symptoms.