Table 4c.
Adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis to assess associations between experiences of discrimination and recent depression/anxiety symptoms among a state representative sample of California adults in March 2021 (N = 2114).
Mild | Moderate | Severe | ||||||||||
aRRR | p-value | 95% CI | aRRR | p-value | 95% CI | aRRR | p-value | 95% CI | ||||
Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||||
Everyday Discrimination | ||||||||||||
None | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Single Form | 1.38 | 0.19 | 0.85 | 2.23 | 2.02 | 0.02 | 1.13 | 3.60 | 0.74 | 0.55 | 0.27 | 2.00 |
Multiple Forms | 2.01 | 0.02 | 1.14 | 3.55 | 1.57 | 0.24 | 0.74 | 3.33 | 3.29 | 0.001 | 1.62 | 6.68 |
Major experiences of race-based discrimination | ||||||||||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.19 | 0.55 | 0.67 | 2.13 | 0.61 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 1.63 | 2.71 | 0.02 | 1.19 | 6.19 |
Major experience of non-race-based discrimination | ||||||||||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.71 | 0.005 | 1.17 | 2.48 | 1.87 | 0.01 | 1.19 | 2.94 | 1.79 | 0.11 | 0.88 | 3.64 |
Policing in Past Year | ||||||||||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.51 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 2.47 | 1.63 | 0.14 | 0.85 | 3.14 | 1.27 | 0.51 | 0.62 | 2.61 |
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Female | 1.44 | 0.02 | 1.05 | 1.98 | 1.34 | 0.21 | 0.85 | 2.10 | 2.40 | 0.005 | 1.29 | 4.46 |
Race | ||||||||||||
White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Black | 0.77 | 0.48 | 0.38 | 1.57 | 1.02 | 0.97 | 0.38 | 2.75 | 0.39 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 1.13 |
Asian | 1.54 | 0.08 | 0.95 | 2.51 | 1.50 | 0.29 | 0.71 | 3.15 | 0.65 | 0.58 | 0.14 | 2.99 |
Hispanic | 0.92 | 0.69 | 0.61 | 1.39 | 1.15 | 0.62 | 0.66 | 2.02 | 0.69 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 1.37 |
Other/multiple races | 1.54 | 0.18 | 0.82 | 2.90 | 1.20 | 0.69 | 0.49 | 2.93 | 0.49 | 0.34 | 0.11 | 2.13 |
Age | ||||||||||||
Continuous | 0.98 | <0.001 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.97 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.93 | <0.001 | 0.91 | 0.95 |
Income Quintile | ||||||||||||
Lowest | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Second Lowest | 0.75 | 0.27 | 0.45 | 1.26 | 0.55 | 0.08 | 0.29 | 1.06 | 0.57 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 1.20 |
Middle | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.60 | 1.64 | 0.73 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 1.45 | 0.36 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 1.10 |
Second Highest | 1.08 | 0.75 | 0.68 | 1.72 | 0.47 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.91 | 0.45 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 1.06 |
Highest | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.62 | 1.59 | 0.54 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 1.04 | 0.33 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.81 |
Sexual Identity | ||||||||||||
Heterosexual | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual/Other | 1.88 | 0.008 | 1.18 | 3.01 | 0.92 | 0.81 | 0.45 | 1.86 | 2.84 | 0.01 | 1.34 | 6.00 |
Disability | ||||||||||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 3.45 | <0.001 | 2.44 | 4.88 | 5.25 | <0.001 | 3.27 | 8.42 | 11.40 | <0.001 | 5.98 | 21.73 |
*Reference is normal symptoms.