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. 2022 Dec 15;318:115620. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115620

Table 4c.

Adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis to assess associations between experiences of discrimination and recent depression/anxiety symptoms among a state representative sample of California adults in March 2021 (N = 2114).

Mild Moderate Severe
aRRR p-value 95% CI aRRR p-value 95% CI aRRR p-value 95% CI
Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper
Everyday Discrimination
 None Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Single Form 1.38 0.19 0.85 2.23 2.02 0.02 1.13 3.60 0.74 0.55 0.27 2.00
 Multiple Forms 2.01 0.02 1.14 3.55 1.57 0.24 0.74 3.33 3.29 0.001 1.62 6.68
Major experiences of race-based discrimination
 No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Yes 1.19 0.55 0.67 2.13 0.61 0.33 0.23 1.63 2.71 0.02 1.19 6.19
Major experience of non-race-based discrimination
 No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Yes 1.71 0.005 1.17 2.48 1.87 0.01 1.19 2.94 1.79 0.11 0.88 3.64
Policing in Past Year
 No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Yes 1.51 0.10 0.92 2.47 1.63 0.14 0.85 3.14 1.27 0.51 0.62 2.61
Gender
 Male Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Female 1.44 0.02 1.05 1.98 1.34 0.21 0.85 2.10 2.40 0.005 1.29 4.46
Race
 White Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Black 0.77 0.48 0.38 1.57 1.02 0.97 0.38 2.75 0.39 0.08 0.13 1.13
 Asian 1.54 0.08 0.95 2.51 1.50 0.29 0.71 3.15 0.65 0.58 0.14 2.99
 Hispanic 0.92 0.69 0.61 1.39 1.15 0.62 0.66 2.02 0.69 0.29 0.35 1.37
 Other/multiple races 1.54 0.18 0.82 2.90 1.20 0.69 0.49 2.93 0.49 0.34 0.11 2.13
Age
 Continuous 0.98 <0.001 0.97 0.99 0.97 <0.001 0.96 0.99 0.93 <0.001 0.91 0.95
Income Quintile
 Lowest Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Second Lowest 0.75 0.27 0.45 1.26 0.55 0.08 0.29 1.06 0.57 0.14 0.27 1.20
 Middle 0.99 0.96 0.60 1.64 0.73 0.37 0.37 1.45 0.36 0.07 0.12 1.10
 Second Highest 1.08 0.75 0.68 1.72 0.47 0.03 0.24 0.91 0.45 0.07 0.19 1.06
 Highest 0.99 0.97 0.62 1.59 0.54 0.07 0.28 1.04 0.33 0.02 0.13 0.81
Sexual Identity
 Heterosexual Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual/Other 1.88 0.008 1.18 3.01 0.92 0.81 0.45 1.86 2.84 0.01 1.34 6.00
Disability
 No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Yes 3.45 <0.001 2.44 4.88 5.25 <0.001 3.27 8.42 11.40 <0.001 5.98 21.73

*Reference is normal symptoms.