Table 3.
Studies presenting new MCIDs for PROMs in TKA
| Author, year | Study Size, n | PROM: MCID | MCID calculation method | Mean follow-up in months |
| Beard et al., 2015 [2] | 94,015 | OKS: 9 OKS: 5 OKS: 7 OKS: 4 |
Anchor-based (individual cohort) Anchor-based (between study groups) Anchor-based (ROC) Distribution-based (MDC90) |
6 |
| Beard et al., 2020 [1] | 264 | OKS: 2 | Anchor-based (question) | 60 |
| Berliner et al., 2017 [3] | 562 | KOOS: 10 SF-12: 5 |
Distribution-based (1/2 SD score change) | 12 |
| Bin Abd Razak et al., 2016 [5] | 3062 | OKS: 5 SF-36 PCS: 10 |
Distribution-based (1/2 SD score change) | 5 |
| Blevins et al., 2019 [6] | 228 | KOOS ADL: 10 KOOS Pain: 10.3 KOOS QoL: 13.2 KOOS Sports/Recreation: 15.8 KOOS Symptoms: 12 SF-12 PCS: 5 SF-12 MCS: 5.4 |
Distribution-based (1/2 SD score change) | 24 |
| Carender et al., 2022 [7] | 12,341 | KOOS JR: 9.8 KOOS ADL: 11.7 KOOS Pain: 11.4 KOOS Symptoms: 11.7 WOMAC Pain: 11.3 WOMAC Function: 10.8 |
Distribution-based (1/2 SD score change) | 12 |
| Chesworth et al., 2008 [8] | 1578 | WOMAC Pain: 36 WOMAC Function: 33 |
Anchor-based (question) | 12 |
| Clement et al., 2014 [10] | 505 | OKS Pain: 5 OKS Function: 4.3 SF-12 Pain: 4.5 SF-12 PCS: 4.8 |
Anchor-based (question) | 12 |
| Clement et al., 2018 [9] | 2589 | WOMAC: 10 WOMAC Function: 9 WOMAC Pain: 11 WOMAC Stiffness: 8 WOMAC: 17 WOMAC Function: 16 WOMAC Pain: 21 WOMAC Stiffness: 13 WOMAC: 12 WOMAC Function: 11 WOMAC Pain: 23 WOMAC Stiffness: 27 |
Anchor-based (question) Anchor-based (ROC) Distribution-based (MDC95) |
12 |
| Clement et al., 2019 [12] | 2589 | SF-12 PCS: 1.8 SF-12 MCS: 1.5 SF-12 PCS: 2.7 SF-12 MCS: -1.4 SF-12 PCS: 8.9 SF-12 MCS: 13.8 |
Anchor-based (question) Anchor-based (ROC) Distribution-based (MDC90) |
12 |
| Clement et al., 2021 [11] | 484 | FJS: 13.7 FJS: 17.7 FJS: 10 FJS: 12 |
Anchor-based (question) Anchor-based (one group) Anchor-based (individual) Distribution-based (MDC90) |
6 |
| Danoff et al., 2018 [15] | 165 | VAS-D: 22.6 mm VAS-D: 16.1 mm |
Anchor-based Distribution-based (SEM) |
0.25 |
| Darrith et al., 2021 [16] | 872 | KOOS JR: 6.8 PROMIS-GH PCS: 2.3 |
Distribution-based | 12 |
| Eckhard et al., 2021 [17] | 352 | KOOS-12: 11.1 KOOS-12 Function: 15.2 KOOS-12 Pain: 13.5 KOOS-12 QoL: 8 |
Anchor-based | 12 |
| Escobar et al., 2007 [19] | 423 | WOMAC: 15 WOMAC Pain: 23 WOMAC Function: 19 WOMAC Stiffness: 15 SF-36: 10 SF-36 Physical Function: 12 SF-36 Role Physical: 12 SF-36 Bodily Pain: 17 SF-36 General Health: 1 SF-36 Social Function: 12 SF-36 Role Emotional: 8 SF-36 Vitality: 4 SF-36 Mental Health: 0 SF-6D Utility: 0 WOMAC Pain: 22 WOMAC Function: 13 WOMAC Stiffness: 29 SF-36 Physical Function: 20 SF-36 Role Physical: 27 SF-36 Bodily Pain: 38 SF-36 General Health: 27 SF-36 Social Function: 41 SF-36 Role Emotional: 29 SF-36 Vitality: 30 SF-36 Mental Health: 24 SF-6D Utility: 0 |
Anchor-based Anchor-based Distribution-based (MDC95) Distribution-based (MDC95) |
6 |
| Escobar et al., 2013 [18] | 912 | WOMAC Pain: 16, 28, 45 WOMAC Function: 17, 33, 45 WOMAC Pain: 10, 23, 35 WOMAC Function: 15, 27, 42 WOMAC Pain: 27 WOMAC Function: 21 WOMAC Pain: 26 WOMAC Function: 23 |
Anchor-based (by baseline severity tertile) Anchor-based ROC (by baseline severity tertile) Anchor-based (by two different anchor questions) |
12 |
| Escobar and Riddle, 2014 [20] | 923 | WOMAC Function: 47.5, 37.2, 27.6, 15.9 WOMAC Pain: 47.9, 32.2, 25.1, 12.4 WOMAC Function: 32 WOMAC Pain: 29 |
Anchor-based (by quartiles of baseline severity) Anchor-based (global mean) |
12 |
| Fan et al., 2021 [21] | 161 | HSS: 5.41 NRS-Walking: 1.24 |
Anchor-based (question) | 36 |
| Goodman et al., 2020 [22] | 10,775 | KOOS Pain: 21 KOOS ADL: 14 |
Anchor-based | 24 |
| Holtz et al., 2020 [23] | 199 | FJS: 10.8 WOMAC Pain: 7.5 WOMAC Function: 7.2 FJS: 13 WOMAC Pain: 12.5 WOMAC Function: 14.7 |
Anchor-based (binary regression) Anchor-based (ROC) |
12 |
| Humphrey et al., 2022 [24] | 314 | PROMIS PF10a MCID-Worsening: -1.89 | Distribution-based | 12 |
| Kang, 2021 [27] | 191,379 | OKS: 6 EQ-5D-3L: 0.090 OKS: 7 EQ-5D-3L: 0.036 OKS: 8 EQ-5D-3L: 0.069 OKS: 1.6 EQ-5D-3L: 0.95 OKS: 6 EQ-5D-3L: 0.182 OKS: 9 EQ-5D-3L: 0.292 |
Anchor-based (mean change method) Anchor-based (Youden index) Anchor-based (Short distance) Distribution-based (standardized response mean) Distribution-based (medium effect size) Distribution-based (large effect size) |
6 |
| Katakam et al., 2021 [29] | 1059 | KOOS PS: 8.2 | Anchor-based | 12 |
| Khalil et al., 2020 [30] | 875 | PROMIS-GH PCS: 2.3 PROMIS-GH PCS: 2.5 |
Distribution-based Anchor-based |
12 |
| Kim et al., 2021 [31] | 422 | WOMAC: 23.4 WOMAC: 14.7 WOMAC: 29.5 WOMAC: 26.5 WOMAC: 10.4 WOMAC: 8.6 |
Anchor-based with central sensitization (CS) Anchor-based without CS Anchor-based with CS (ROC) Anchor-based without CS (ROC) Distribution-based with CS Distribution-based without CS |
24 |
| Kuo et al., 2020 [33] | 858 | KOOS JR: 6.4 KOOS Total: 35.4 KOOS Pain: 8.1 KOOS Symptoms: 9.5 KOOS ADL: 8.7 KOOS Sport & Rec: 9.9 KOOS QoL: 7.8 KOOS JR: 8.7 KOOS Total: 48.5 KOOS Pain: 10.2 KOOS Symptoms: 11.1 KOOS ADL: 10.3 KOOS Sport & Rec: 15.6 KOOS QoL: 13.4 KOOS JR: 17.5 KOOS Total: 82.9 KOOS Pain: 22.3 KOOS Symptoms: 10.8 KOOS ADL: 22.1 KOOS Sport & Rec: 17.5 KOOS QoL: 12.5 KOOS JR: 20.8 KOOS Total: 91.8 KOOS Pain: 25.0 KOOS Symptoms: 14.3 KOOS ADL: 24.6 KOOS Sport & Rec: 17.5 KOOS QoL: 12.5 |
Distribution-based (preoperative scores) Distribution-based (score change) Anchor-based (total score) Anchor-based (itemized score) |
24 |
| Lee et al., 2017 [34] | 550 | KSS Function: 6.1 KSS Knee: 5.3 KSS Function: 6.5 KSS Knee: 5.4 |
Anchor-based (satisfaction) Anchor-based (OKS) |
24 |
| Lizaur-Utrilla et al., 2020 [37] | 507 | KSS Knee: 7.2 KSS Knee: 8.9 KSS Knee: 7.2 KSS Function: 9.7 KSS Function: 10.3 KSS Function: 6.3 |
Anchor-based (question) Anchor-based (ROC) Distribution-based Anchor-based (question) Anchor-based (ROC) Distribution-based |
24 |
| Lyman et al., 2018 [38] | 2630 | KOOS Pain: 8 KOOS Symptoms: 9 KOOS ADL: 9 KOOS QoL: 8 KOOS JR: 6 KOOS Pain: 13 KOOS Symptoms: 12 KOOS ADL: 13 KOOS QoL: 12 KOOS JR: 9 KOOS Pain: 18 KOOS Symptoms: 7 KOOS ADL: 16 KOOS QoL: 17 KOOS JR: 14 |
Distribution-based (1/2 SD score change) Distribution-based (MDC90) Anchor-based |
12 |
| Most et al., 2022 [40] | 26720 | Preoperative OKS < 19: 19.5 Preoperative OKS 20-27: 14.5 Preoperative OKS > 28: 8.5 |
Anchor-based (stratified by preoperative OKS) | 12 |
| Neuprez et al., 2018 [41] | 280 | WOMAC: 10 | Anchor-based | 12 |
| Nishitani et al., 2019 [42] | 344 | KSS Symptoms: 1.9 KSS Satisfaction: 2.2 KSS Function: 4.1 |
Anchor-based | 6 |
| Sabah et al., 2022 [45] | 347536 | OKS: 5 OKS: 10.5 OKS: 7 OKS: 3.9 OKS: 2.6 OKS: 6 |
Anchor-based (mean change method) Anchor-based (ROC) Anchor-based (predictive modeling) Distribution-based (1/2 SD) Distribution-based (SEM) Distribution-based (MDC90) |
6 |
| Shaw et al., 2021 [46] | 1340 | R-TKA KOOS JR: 6.59 PROMIS-GH MCS: 4.46 PROMIS-GH PCS: 3.39 M-TKA KOOS JR: 6.79 PROMIS-GH MCS: 3.84 PROMIS-GH PCS: 3.39 |
Distribution-based (1/2 SD preoperative score) Distribution-based (1/2 SD preoperative score) |
6 |
| Soh et al., 2022 [48] | 1931 | KOOS-12: 20.1 KOOS-12 Pain: 17.5 KOOS-12 Function: 21 KOOS-12 QoL: 21.8 KOOS-12: 20.8 KOOS-12 Pain: 15.6 KOOS-12 Function: 19.8 KOOS-12 QoL: 21.9 KOOS-12: 22.5 KOOS-12 Pain: 22.1 KOOS-12 Function: 21.3 KOOS-12 QoL: 24.4 |
Anchor-based (mean change method) Anchor-based (ROC) Anchor-based (predictive modeling) |
3 |
| SooHoo et al., 2014 [49] | 229 | SF-12 PCS: 4.97 SF-12 MCS: 5.11 WOMAC: 10.21 UCLA: 0.92 |
Distribution-based | 12 |
| Unnanuntana et al., 2018 [51] | 157 | 2-minute walk test: 12.7 meters Timed up and go test: 9.5 seconds |
Distribution-based | 72 |
| Vina et al., 2016 [52] | 269 | WOMAC: 9.4 | Anchor-based | 24 |
PROM = patient-reported outcome measure; MCID = minimum clinically important difference; OKS = Oxford Knee Score; ROC = receiver operating characteristic; MDC = minimum detectable change; SF-12 = 12-Item Short Form Survey; SF-36 PCS = 36-Item Short Form Survey Physical Component Score; KOOS = Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; ADL = Activities of Daily Living; QoL = Quality of Life; PCS = Physical Component Score; MCS = Mental Component Score; WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index; FJS = Forgotten Joint Score; VAS-D = Visual Analog Score Drawn; SEM = standard error of measurement; KOOS JR = Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement; PROMIS-GH PCS = Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems Global Health Assessment Physical Component Score; HSS = Hospital for Special Surgery Score; NRS = Numeric Rating Scale; PROMIS PF10a = Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems 10-item Physical Function; EQ-5D-3L = EuroQual 5D-3L Test; KSS = Knee Society Score; UCLA = University of California Los Angeles Score