Table 3.
Demographics, comorbidities, and hospital factors by hospital size for patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy from 2008 to 2014 in the National Inpatient Sample.
| Variable | Small (n = 6140) | Medium (n = 12,811) | Large (n = 52,687) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 68.0 (9.9) | 67.8 (9.6) | 67.8 (9.8) | <0.01∗ |
| Female, n (%) | 3335 (54.3) | 7272 (56.8) | 29,443 (55.9) | 0.41 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| White | 4697 (83.4) | 10,113 (83.7) | 40,846 (82.6) | 0.90 |
| Black | 456 (8.1) | 941 (7.8) | 3796 (7.7) | |
| Hispanic | 196 (3.5) | 368 (3.0) | 1779 (3.6) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 180 (3.2) | 365 (3.0) | 1670 (3.4) | |
| Payer, n (%) | 0.14 | |||
| Medicare | 3645 (59.4) | 8304 (64.9) | 33,018 (62.8) | |
| Medicaid | 259 (4.2) | 522 (4.1) | 2324 (4.4) | |
| Private | 2092 (34.1) | 3571 (27.9) | 15,523 (29.5) | |
| Self-pay | 42 (0.7) | 140 (1.1) | 684 (1.3) | |
| Median household income quartile per ZIP code | 0.49 | |||
| 1 | 1099 (18.3) | 2530 (20.1) | 10,505 (20.3) | |
| 2 | 1591 (26.5) | 2824 (22.4) | 12,246 (23.6) | |
| 3 | 1544 (25.7) | 3442 (27.3) | 13,007 (25.1) | |
| 4 | 1770 (29.5) | 3795 (30.1) | 16,045 (31.0) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Alcohol abuse | 156 (2.5) | 444 (3.5) | 1477 (2.8) | 0.16 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 981 (16.0) | 2101 (16.4) | 9166 (17.4) | 0.32 |
| Deficiency anemias | 626 (10.2) | 1552 (12.1) | 4866 (9.2) | <0.01∗ |
| Congestive heart failure | 198 (3.2) | 461 (3.6) | 1892 (3.6) | 0.77 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 2678 (43.6) | 6254 (48.8) | 23,252 (44.1) | <0.01∗ |
| Coagulopathy | 149 (2.4) | 321 (2.5) | 1040 (2.0) | 0.20 |
| Diabetes, uncomplicated | 1106 (18.0) | 2191 (17.1) | 8655 (16.4) | 0.34 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2373 (38.7) | 5038 (39.3) | 21,586 (41.0) | 0.37 |
| HTN | 3527 (57.4) | 7929 (61.9) | 31,803 (60.4) | 0.04∗ |
| Liver disease | 143 (2.3) | 184 (1.4) | 770 (1.5) | 0.06 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 804 (13.1) | 1855 (14.5) | 7343 (13.9) | 0.64 |
| Metastatic cancer | 744 (12.1) | 1747 (13.6) | 7436 (14.1) | 0.23 |
| Obesity | 438 (7.1) | 1001 (7.8) | 4084 (7.8) | 0.79 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 599 (9.8) | 1245 (9.7) | 4678 (8.9) | 0.35 |
| Psychoses | 146 (2.4) | 386 (3.0) | 1122 (2.1) | 0.04∗ |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 165 (2.7) | 180 (1.4) | 872 (1.7) | 0.01∗ |
| Renal failure | 301 (4.9) | 647 (5.1) | 2766 (5.3) | 0.85 |
| Weight loss | 186 (3.0) | 327 (2.5) | 1560 (3.0) | 0.55 |
| Smoking | 3536 (57.6) | 7691 (60.0) | 30,551 (58.0) | 0.43 |
| Prior MI | 1363 (22.2) | 3592 (28.0) | 12,995 (24.7) | <0.01∗ |
| Prior transient ischemic attack/stroke | 1404 (22.9) | 2918 (22.8) | 11,561 (21.9) | 0.57 |
| APRDRG_Risk mortality | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.8) | <0.01∗ |
| APRDRG_Severity | 2.0 (0.8) | 2.1 (0.8) | 2.0 (0.8) | <0.01∗ |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 3.7 (2.2) | 3.8 (2.3) | 3.8 (2.3) | <0.01∗ |
| Sum of Elixhauser comorbidities | 3.5 (1.6) | 3.5 (1.6) | 3.4 (1.5) | <0.01∗ |
| Hospital factors, n (%) | ||||
| Hospital region | 0.04∗ | |||
| Northeast | 2330 (38.0) | 3422 (26.7) | 14,173 (26.9) | |
| Midwest | 939 (15.3) | 1431 (11.2) | 9354 (17.8) | |
| South | 1876 (30.6) | 5696 (44.5) | 20,002 (38.0) | |
| West | 994 (16.2) | 2263 (17.7) | 9159 (17.4) | |
| Control/ownership of hospital | 0.04∗ | |||
| Government or private, collapsed category | 2253 (36.7) | 4524 (35.3) | 19,894 (37.8) | |
| Government, nonfederal | 730 (11.9) | 430 (3.4) | 3835 (7.3) | |
| Private, nonprofit | 2713 (44.2) | 6647 (51.9) | 25,999 (49.4) | |
| Private, invest own | 444 (7.2) | 1200 (9.4) | 2867 (5.4) | |
| Location/teaching status of hospital | <0.01∗ | |||
| Rural | - | 66 (0.5) | 1779 (3.4) | |
| Urban nonteaching | 380 (6.2) | 3869 (30.2) | 14,397 (27.3) | |
| Urban teaching | 5755 (93.7) | 8878 (69.3) | 36,511 (69.3) |
APRDRG = All Patients Refined Diagnosis Related Groups.
∗
P < 0.05 = n < 11 per NIS guidelines.