Table 5b.
Racial differences in body surveillance, internalization, and perceived appearance pressures.
| Body Surveillance | Thin-Ideal Internalization | Muscular/Athleticism Internalization | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Racial group | ||||||
| White M (SD) | 3.77 (1.25) | 4.24 (1.32) | 2.85 (0.89) | 3.13 (1.03) | 3.12 (0.99) | 2.49 (1.01) |
| Hispanic M (SD) | 3.81 (1.11) | 4.47 (1.27) | 2.88 (0.94) | 3.15 (1.08) | 3.27 (0.98) | 2.69 (1.09) |
| Black M (SD) | 3.64 (1.13) | 4.16 (1.28) | 2.63 (0.88) | 2.69 (1.08) | 3.45 (1.01) | 2.32 (1.01) |
| Asian M (SD) | 3.82 (1.09) | 4.17 (1.23) | 2.93 (0.85) | 3.14 (1.01) | 3.38 (0.88) | 2.54 (1.02) |
| Comparisons | ||||||
| White vs. Hispanic d | −0.03 | −0.17* | −0.03 | −0.02 | −0.15* | −0.20** |
| White vs. Black d | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.25*** | 0.43*** | −0.33*** | 0.17** |
| White vs. Asian d | −0.04 | 0.05 | −0.09 | −0.01 | −0.27*** | −0.05 |
| Hispanic vs. Black d | 0.15 | 0.24** | 0.28** | 0.43*** | −0.18* | 0.36*** |
| Hispanic vs. Asian d | −0.01 | 0.24* | −0.06 | 0.01 | −0.12 | 0.14** |
| Black vs. Asian d | −0.16 | −0.01 | −0.35*** | −0.43*** | 0.07 | −0.22** |
| Perceived Peer Pressures | Perceived Media Pressures | Perceived Family Pressures | ||||
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Racial group | ||||||
| White M (SD) | 1.91 (0.97) | 1.93 (1.02) | 2.71 (1.29) | 3.43 (1.33) | 1.98 (0.97) | 2.19 (1.15) |
| Hispanic M (SD) | 1.91 (1.01) | 1.91 (1.05) | 2.56 (1.30) | 3.44 (1.34) | 2.13 (1.03) | 2.38 (1.25) |
| Black M (SD) | 1.90 (1.02) | 1.85 (1.00) | 2.34 (1.27) | 2.93 (1.42) | 1.91 (0.98) | 2.17 (1.14) |
| Asian M (SD) | 2.06 (0.97) | 2.02 (1.00) | 2.47 (1.17) | 3.16 (1.27) | 2.21 (1.01) | 2.67 (1.25) |
| Comparisons | ||||||
| White vs. Hispanic d | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.12 | −0.01 | −0.15* | −0.16* |
| White vs. Black d | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.29*** | 0.37*** | 0.07 | 0.02 |
| White vs. Asian d | −0.15** | −0.09 | 0.19*** | 0.20*** | −0.24*** | −0.41*** |
| Hispanic vs. Black d | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.17* | 0.37*** | 0.22** | 0.18* |
| Hispanic vs. Asian d | −0.15 | −0.11 | 0.07 | 0.22* | −0.08 | −0.23** |
| Black vs. Asian d | −0.16* | −0.17* | −0.11 | −0.17* | −0.30*** | −0.42*** |
Note.
***
p < .001,
**
p < .01,
*
p < .05.
Means (M) and standard deviations (SD) for each group are presented. Effect size d and statistical significance for differences between each group are shown. A positive effect size indicates that the first group listed scored higher than the second group (e.g., Hispanic women reported higher body surveillance than Black women, d = 0.24). A negative effect size indicates that the first group listed scored lower than the second group (e.g., White women reported lower overall body surveillance than Hispanic women, d = − 0.17).