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. 2022 Aug 20;11(4):537–562. doi: 10.1007/s13668-022-00429-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Offspring health outcomes programmed by maternal probiotic intake started prenatally. Previous knowledge (until 2017) included growth, gut health and intestinal barrier, allergic diseases, and gut microbiota findings. In addition to these outcomes, recent studies described effects on metabolic disorders, and neurodevelopment and anxiety. Clinical and pre-clinical findings are indicated in bold and italics, respectively. Icons depict findings assessed in infants or animal models (mice, rats, rabbits, or pigs). Created with BioRender.com