Figure 3.

Core-20 triggers host immune gene expression in Imd and Toll pathways (A,B) at 24 h post-colonization and (C) 7 days post-colonization. The Core-20 displayed a significant promotion in regulators of the Toll and Imd pathways on Day 2 and potential ongoing upregulation in AMPs expression on Day 7. Besides, the Core-6 significantly reduced the expression of AMPs on Day 2. All results indicated that the gut microbiota could stimulate the host’s innate immune system. Gene expression was normalized relative to the housekeeping gene actin. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 (Tukey honest method).