Table 1.
Microbiota studies in Acute Leukemia.
| Study | Country | leukemia typing | Patients (Male) | HC sex (M/F) | Seq. Region | Sampling time point | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rajagopala et al. (2016) | America | ALL | 28 (19) | 23 (17) | V1–V3 | Baseline, During chemotherapy | The gastrointestinal microbiota profiles of the patients and their healthy siblings were compared. There were many common groups between the two groups, but the microbiota diversity of the patients group was significantly lower than that of the control group |
| Bai et al. (2017) | China | ALL | 30 (19) | 33 (18) | V3–V4 | Baseline | ALL induced structural changes of the gut microbiota, with the alpha diversity being significantly weakened by antibiotics, but not beta diversity.Bacteroidales and Enterococcaceae can be referred to as biomarkers for ALL |
| Chua et al. (2017) | Malaysia | ALL | 73 (28) | 61 (28) | V4 | End of the whole chemotherapy | Demonstrated a relationship between microbiota and immune dysregulation in adult ALL survivors |
| Hakim et al. (2018) | America | ALL | 199 (118) | NA | V1–V3 | Baseline, During chemotherapy | The relative abundance of Proteobacteria before chemotherapy initiation predicts development of febrile neutropenia, and domination of the gut microbiota by Enterococcaceae or Streptococcaceae at any time during chemotherapy predicts infection in subsequent phases of chemotherapy |
| Nearing et al. (2019) | Canada | ALL | 16 (11) | NA | V4–V5 | Baseline, During chemotherapy, IC | A significant difference in alpha diversity and beta diversity was found in the samples of patients with infectious complications during the first 6 months of treatment. The machine learning model based on patient clinical data and bacterial species was able to predict the infection of patients |
| Chua et al. (2020) | Malaysia | ALL | 7 (6) | 7 (6) | V4 | Baseline, During chemotherapy, End of the whole chemotherapy | Even after chemotherapy was stopped, the distribution of gut microbiota in children with ALL remained slightly different from that in healthy controls |
| De Pietri et al. (2020) | Denmark | ALL | 51 (13) | 19 (9) | V3–V4 | Baseline, During chemotherapy | Bacterial alpha diversity was lower in patients compared to siblings. It decreased from Day 1 to Days 8–22 and increased on Day 29 |
| Galloway-Peña et al. (2020) | America | AML | 97 (48) | NA | V4 | IC | That gut microbiome evaluation could assist with infectious risk stratification and that improved targeting of antibiotic administration during IC could decrease subsequent infectious complications in AML patients |
| Gao et al. (2020) | China | ALL | 18 (9) | 18 (10) | V3–V4 | Baseline, During chemotherapy | Compared to healthy controls, ALL patient showed significant changes of GI microfloras |
| Liu et al. (2020) | China | ALL | 58 (34) | 23 (11) | V1–V9 | Baseline | The composition of gut microbiota differed from healthy controls to pediatric ALL patients |
| Rattanathammethee et al. (2020) | Thailand | AML | 10 (4) | NA | V3–V4 | Baseline, During chemotherapy, IC | Adult AML patients with a first episode of febrile neutropenia after initial intensive chemotherapy demonstrated a significant decrease in gut microbiota diversity and the level of diversity remained constant despite recovery of bone marrow |
| Bhuta et al. (2021) | America | ALL | 9 (NA) | 10 (NA) | V4 | End of the whole chemotherapy | Bacterial strains differed between ALL patients and healthy siblings, and the gut microbiome composition remained different between childhood ALL survivors and healthy sibling controls |
| Rashidi et al. (2021) | America | ALL (4) and AML (16) | 20 (9) | NA | V4 | During chemotherapy | That Akkermansia expansion in the gut was associated with an increased risk for neutropenic fever |
| Shen et al. (2021) | China | ALL (11) and AML (9) | 20 (13) | 5 (1) | V4–V6 | Baseline | After induction remission chemotherapy, the fecal microbiota of the patients changed significantly |
| Yu et al. (2021) | China | AML | 29 (19) | 33 (17) | V4 | Baseline | The results indicate that the gut microbiota was altered in ML patients compared to that of healthy subjects |
| Liu et al. (2021) | China | ALL | 58 (34) | NA | V1–V9 | Baseline | Gut microbiota alteration was associated with chemotherapy-induced pneumonia in pediatric ALL patients |
| Rashidi et al. (2022) | America | AML | 52 (NA) | NA | V4 | Baseline, During chemotherapy | The intestinal microbiota of AML patients is destroyed during induction chemotherapy, and this destruction is persistent and cannot return to normal after the end of chemotherapy |