Table 2.
Chemical state analysis and quantification for HNT and Surface Treated HNT.
| Sample | Element | Survey | Chemical state analysis—spectra fitting | Total atomic (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atomic (%) | Peak BE (eV) | Area (%) | FWHM (eV) | Chemical state | |||
| S1 (HNT) | Al (2p3/2) | 13.9 | 74.6 | – | 1.5 | Al–O | 13.9 |
| Si (2p3/2) | 16.3 | 103.0 | – | 1.7 | Si–O | 16.3 | |
| C (1 s) | 2.1 | 284.8 | 62.4 | 1.7 | C–C/C–H (C=C) | 1.3 | |
| 286.2 | 21.9 | 1.4 | C–O | 0.5 | |||
| 287.9 | 9.4 | 1.4 | C=O | 0.2 | |||
| 289.4 | 6.3 | 1.4 | O–C=O | 0.1 | |||
| O (1 s) | 67.8 | 532.0 | 45.9 | 1.4 | O–Al | 31.1 | |
| 532.9 | 50.2 | 1.4 | O–Si | 34.0 | |||
| 532.4 | 3.9 | 1 | Organics/H2O | 2.6 | |||
| Total | 100.0 | Total | 100.0 | ||||
| S2 (HNT + Fe + Ag) | Al (2p3/2) | 14.9 | 74.4 | – | 2 | Al-O | 14.9 |
| Si (2p3/2) | 18.4 | 102.2 | – | 1.9 | Si–O | 18.4 | |
| C (1 s) | 0.8 | 284.8 | 68.8 | 2 | C–C/C–H (C=C) | 0.5 | |
| 286.5 | 11.8 | 1.6 | C–O | 0.1 | |||
| 287.6 | 11.3 | 1.6 | C=O | 0.1 | |||
| 289.4 | 8.1 | 1.6 | O–C=O | 0.1 | |||
| Ag (3d5/2) | 0.3 | 367.8 | 5.2 | 1.1 | Ag–O | *0.0 | |
| 368.6 | 94.8 | 1.9 | Ag | 0.3 | |||
| O (1 s) | 65.3 | 529.9 | 0.9 | 1.4 | O–Fe | 0.6 | |
| 530.5 | 0.0 | 1.4 | O–Ag | *0.0 | |||
| 531.3 | 45.3 | 2.1 | O–Al | 29.6 | |||
| 532.2 | 52.6 | 2.2 | O–Si | 34.3 | |||
| 532.4 | 1.2 | 1 | Organics/H2O | 0.8 | |||
| Fe (2p3/2) | 0.4 | 709.8 | 8.4 | 3.4 | Fe(II)-O | *0.0 | |
| 711.8 | 91.7 | 3.4 | Fe(III)-O | 0.4 | |||
| Total | 100.0 | Total | 100.0 | ||||
*0.0 means the value is below 0.05%.