Table 2.

Effects of abstinence from chronic cocaine self-administration on rates of local cerebral glucose utilization in rhesus monkey brain^a.

Brain region	Food control (N = 4)	1 Day abstinence (N = 4)	30 Days abstinence (N = 4)
		Cocaine self-administration
Striatum
Rostral precommissural striatum
Caudate-dorsomedial	56 ± 4.8	47 ± 1.5	42 ± 2.4*
Caudate-dorsolateral	58 ± 4.1	49 ± 2.0	43 ± 1.8*
Caudate-ventromedial	50 ± 4.0	42 ± 1.8	39 ± 1.8*
Putamen-dorsal	59 ± 5.7	51 ± 2.1	46 ± 4.5
Putamen-ventral	57 ± 5.3	48 ± 2.1	45 ± 4.2
Rostral nucleus accumbens	41 ± 4.6	37 ± 1.9	33 ± 1.7
Caudal precommissural striatum
Caudate-dorsomedial	62 ± 4.6	54 ± 3.5	44 ± 3.0*
Caudate-dorsolateral	60 ± 4.0	54 ± 2.4	43 ± 3.2*
Caudate-ventromedial	49 ± 0.7	44 ± 3.4	39 ± 2.4
Putamen-dorsal	63 ± 3.8	57 ± 2.4	47 ± 4.1*
Putamen-ventral	58 ± 5.5	51 ± 1.8	42 ± 3.3*
Nucleus accumbens-core	42 ± 4.5	39 ± 1.7	34 ± 1.8
Nucleus accumbens-shell	38 ± 3.2	35 ± 2.2	31 ± 2.3
Post-commissural striatum
Caudate	50 ± 1.8	49 ± 5.7	49 ± 5.7
Putamen	54 ± 1.4	51 ± 5.8	51 ± 5.8
Basal ganglia
Ventral tegmental area	26 ± 0.7	24 ± 1.8	20 ± 3.3*
Globus pallidus-internal	37 ± 0.9	33 ± 1.2	30 ± 1.0*
Globus pallidus-external	36 ± 1.3	32 ± 1.0	29 ± 1.0*
Subthalamus	63 ± 1.9	50 ± 2.5*	51 ± 0.9*
Substantia nigra pars compacta	50 ± 2.3	41 ± 2.7	38 ± 2.0*
Substantia nigra pars reticulata	43 ± 1.0	38 ± 2.0	35 ± 1.5*
Frontal cortex
Frontal pole (area 10)	45.± 1.9	37 ± 3.2	37 ± 3.2
Medial prefrontal (areas 25,14,32)	42 ± 3.0	40 ± 1.9	37 ± 2.5
Orbital prefrontal (areas 11,12,13)	53 ± 2.1	46 ± 2.3	42 ± 1.8*
Dorsolateral prefrontal (areas 45,46)	54 ± 1.9	49 ± 1.4	45 ± 2.3*
Anterior cingulate (area 24)	49 ± 3.0	45 ± 2.4	42 ± 2.8
Motor (area 4)	43 ± 1.9	48 ± 1.4	39 ± 2.7
Temporal and parietal cortex
Temporal pole	41 ± 4.4	36 ± 2.4	35 ± 5.3
Insula	53 ± 3.6	46 ± 1.3	43 ± 5.1
Temporal gyrus (areas STG,TE,TF)	54 ± 3.8	46 ± 1.3	47 ± 3.4
Entorhinal	43 ± 1.6	36 ± 2.1	36 ± 1.5*
Posterior cingulate (area 23, 31)	58 ± 3.5	49 ± 1.9	44 ± 1.5*
Inferior parietal (area PE, PO)	58 ± 2.1	53 ± 3.9	48 ± 1.1*
Medial parietal (area PG)	52 ± 1.9	56 ± 3.3	47 ± 2.2
Thalamus
Midline	64 ± 1.1	52 ± 3.8*	48 ± 2.9*
Mediodorsal	60 ± 0.8	48 ± 2.0*	46 ± 2.8*
Ventral anterior	47 ± 2.0	40 ± 1.4	36 ± 3.0*
Parafascicular/centromedian	50 ± 2.3	40 ± 2.1*	39 ± 2.4*
Ventrolateral	37 ± 1.2	39 ± 1.2	36 ± 4.3
Lateral geniculate	43 ± 1.6	39 ± 2.4	39 ± 2.2
Medial geniculate	72 ± 3.1	69 ± 6.3	66 ± 2.3
Habenula	43 ± 1.8	48 ± 7.9	38 ± 1.8
Amygdala
Lateral	39 ± 4.4	34 ± 1.9	36 ± 1.2
Central	25 ± 2.7	23 ± 1.2	25 ± 0.2
Medial	29 ± 2.7	27 ± 2.0	28 ± 0.7
Basolateral	38 ± 4.3	36 ± 2.3	37 ± 1.3
Hypothalamus
Preoptic area	32 ± 3.2	31 ± 2.7	28 ± 2.5
Lateral	33 ± 3.5	30 ± 0.9	30 ± 1.2
Medial	33 ± 3.6	31 ± 1.1	31 ± 1.3
Paraventricular	32 ± 5.7	31 ± 0.8	32 ± 3.4
Limbic-associated
Bed nucleus of stria terminalis	28 ± 2.6	28 ± 2.6	26 ± 1.5
Lateral septum	27 ± 3.5	26 ± 1.5	26 ± 2.2
Extended amygdala	29 ± 1.9	28 ± 2.2	26 ± 1.6
Hippocampus (CA1)	43 ± 3.3	37 ± 2.7	34 ± 0.9
Hippocampus (CA3)	40 ± 3.1	33 ± 0.2	30 ± 0.9*
Hippocampus (dentate gyrus)	47 ± 3.0	42 ± 2.5	38 ± 1.1
Subiculum	50 ± 3.8	41 ± 2.1	39 ± 0.4*

*p < 0.05, Bonferroni t-tests for multiple comparisons following two-way analysis of variance (treatment group X brain region, with brain region considered a repeated measure). Multiple comparisons were carried out within individual neuroanatomical groupings and testing only where there were significant group effects, e.g controls vs. 30 day abstinence.

^aData represent rates of local cerebral glucose utilization (μmol/100 g/min) expressed as means ± S.E.M.