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. 2022 Dec 14;12:21635. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26212-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effects of 4-hydroxycoumarin and its derivatives 4a–4j on invasion of A549 cells. (a) Relative viabilities of A549 cells after treatment with 4-hydroxycoumarin and its derivatives 4a–4j for 48 h at concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 100 μM measured by the MTT assay. (b) Representative images of invasion assays of A549 cells treated with 4-hydroxycoumarin and its derivatives 4a–4j at a concentration of 5 μM. (c) Quantitative analysis of invaded cell numbers after each treatment. Representative images from three independent experiments are shown (n = 3). Data represent the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001; NS, no significant difference compared with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated A549 cells.